Because the project would exceed the allowable FAR of 14:1 plus identified bonus space, it would not conform to the City Planning Code. An amendment to the City Planning Code, and possibly a change in the Interim Controls, would be required to allow approval of the project. According to the Department of City Planning housing formula, the project would generate demand for about 210 units of housing in San Francisco; the project would provide about 40 on-site residential units, containing about 90 bedrooms. The proposed project would be stepped down in its upper northeast and southeast-facing facades. The architect intends the design to visually complement adjacent buildings and provide a transition between nearby high-rises and the smaller structures of the Jackson Square Historic District to the north and northeast. The project would be visible in the downtown skyline from some long-range viewpoints. The structure would be visible from Telegraph Hill, obstructing existing views of the 601 Montgomery St. building. From Chinatown, the project would be visible between the Holiday Inn and the 601 Montgomery St. building, obstructing views of lower portions of the Transamerica Pyramid building. When viewed from long-range viewpoints to the northeast, north and west, the project would not be a major visual focus in the downtown panorama due to the prominence of taller structures, such as the Transamerica Pyramid and Bank of America headquarters. The project would not be visible from the southern approaches to the City on the James Lick and Bayshore freeways or from Potrero Hill, due to intervening structures. The project, in replacing existing low-rise structures, would create a more extended shadow pattern than exists at present, especially north and northeast 3 I . Summary of the site. Much of the project shadow pattern would coincide with those shadows cast by existing structures in the area (601 Montgomery St., Holiday Inn, and the Transamerica Pyramid).


Montgomery-Washington Building : environmental impact report : draft

Ground-floor retail space is expected to rent for approximately $50 per sq. ft. per year. Office space is expected to rent for approximately $35 per sq. ft. per year. Residential units are expected to sell for about $300 per sq. ft., or from about $300,000 to 350,000 in 1981 dollars. /3/ APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS Following a public hearing before the City Planning Commission, responses to all written and oral comments will be prepared, and this EIR will be revised as appropriate and presented to the City Planning Commission for certification, as to accuracy and completeness. No permits may be issued until the Final EIR is certified. Because the project would exceed the allowable FAR of 14:1 plus identified bonus space, it would not conform to the City Planning Code. Therefore, the City Planning Commission could not approve the project as proposed. An amendment of the City Planning Code, and possibly a change in the Interim Controls, would be required to allow approval of the project. 07 II. Project Description The provisions of the City Planning Code are administered by the Zoning Administrator and other staff members of the Department of City Planning. The Zoning Administrator is responsible for recommending appropriate changes in the Code to the City Planning Commission. According to Section 302 of the Code, an amendment may be initiated by the Board of Supervisors or by a resolution of intention by the City Planning Commission. An interested property owner may not initiate changes in the text of the Code. The City Planning Commission is required to hold a hearing on any proposed amendment. Following a public hearing, the Planning Commission may approve an amendment if it finds that, "the public necessity, convenience and general welfare require the proposed amendment." Once approved by the City Planning Commission, a proposed amendment must be presented to the Board of Supervisors and the Board must adopt the amendment by a majority vote.


Pedestrian views of the site from the Montgomery St. corridor, north of the site, would include the full height of 52 IV. Environmental Impacts the tower. South of the site on Montgomery St. portions of the project tower would be blocked by the adjacent 601 Montgomery St. building. The project would represent the northern end of the high-rise building "wall" on the west side of Montgomery St. The project would interrupt some views of the Bay from the upper stories of the 601 Montgomery St. building. Similar views from the proposed structure would be created. The project would interrupt few views to the west from portions of the Transamerica Pyramid, because affected views are already blocked by the Holiday Inn. The Holiday Inn is a north/south-facing structure and occupants would not have a view of the project building. (See photos taken from the Holiday Inn, on file at the Office of Environmental Review.) The project would not block any long-range views from structures north of the site as these are blocked by existing development. From Portsmouth Square, west of the site, the project would partially block short-range views of some buildings, but it would not obstruct any views of the Bay, as buildings east of the site presently block views of the Bay from the Portsmouth Square Area. The project would be visible in the downtown skyline from some long-range viewpoints. The proposed structure would be visible from Telegraph Hill, obstructing existing views of the 601 Montgomery St. building and buildings to the south such as the Aetna and Pacific Telephone buildings (see Figure 18, p. 56). From Chinatown, the project would be visible between the Holiday Inn and the 601 Montgomery St. buildings, obstructing views of the lower portions of the Transamerica Pyramid (see Figure 19, p. 57). The upper level project setbacks on the corner of Washington and Montgomery Sts. are intended by the architect to preserve views from upper Columbus Ave (see Figure 20, p. 58).


When viewed from long-range viewpoints to the northeast, north and west, including Russian Hill, the project would not serve as a major visual focus in the downtown panorama, due to the prominence of taller structures such as the Transamerica Pyramid and Bank of America Building. The project would not be visible from the southern approaches to the City on the James Lick and Bayshore freeways or from Potrero Hill, due to intervening structures. 53 IV. Environmental Impacts The residential portion of the project would generally be oriented with views towards the north and east, with the exception of 16 units which would have a south or west orientation. To the north, views would be unobstructed towards Telegraph Hill, Coit Tower, and the Bay. To the south and east, views would be directed to nearby buildings in the Financial District. The tapering form of the Transamerica Pyramid, and its approximately 100-ft. distance from the site, would reduce the apparent mass of this structure as seen by east-facing occupants of the project. Nighttime views of the lighted Transamerica Pyramid would also be seen from the east-facing units. The residential portion of the project would be above the adjacent 19- story 601 Montgomery St. building, allowing short-range unobstructed views to the south. In some cases, direct views to the west would be blocked by the Holiday Inn; the base of the Holiday Inn is located approximately 10 ft. from the base of the project. Views to the north or south would be available from all residential units with views blocked to the west by the Holiday Inn. DESIGN The project is intended by the architect to relate architecturally to existing buildings in the site vicinity. The project design includes a series of upper level setbacks, "stepping down" in the northeast and southeast-facing facades of the building (see Figure 21, p. 59).


Environmental Impacts SHADOW The project, in replacing existing low-rise structures on the site, would create more extensive shadow patterns than exist at present. Much of the project shadow patterns would coincide with those cast by existing structures in the area (601 Montgomery, Holiday Inn, and the Transamerica building). The project would not shade any existing public parks. Washington and Montgomery Sts. are shaded by existing structures throughout the day at all seasons of the year. Portions of Columbus Ave. are shaded from mid-morning to early afternoon hours in the fall, winter and spring months. Portions of the lower floors of the Transamerica Pyramid are shaded in the late afternoon year-round. Sansome St., one block east of the site, is shaded in the late afternoon year-round, and in the early afternoon in the fall through spring months. At all seasons of the year, early-morning shadows due to the project would generally coincide with shadows from existing structures. New shadows from the project would begin to occur during mid-morning and would continue through most of the day; primary shadow effects would be on the portions of Washington and Montgomery Sts. adjacent to the site. Portions of the widened sidewalk and seating area on the north side of the Transamerica Pyramid would be shaded by the project in the late afternoon at all seasons of the year. During the mid-morning hours in the winter months the project would complete the shading of Columbus Ave. from Washington St. to Pacific Ave., eliminating the existing corridor of sunlight between shadows cast by the 601 Montgomery St. building and Transamerica Pyramid. Towards midday the project would eliminate the existing corridor of sunlight between the shadows of the Holiday Inn and 601 Montgomery St. building, shading Washington St. adajacent to the site, and Montgomery St., north to Jackson St.


Vertical vortices form off both the north and south downstream edges of the Transamerica Pyramid under existing conditions. For west winds, existing wind speed ratios in the vicinity are generally low to moderate, varying from 0.13 to 0.46. The intersection of Columbus Ave. and Washington St. is gusty, but less so than with northwest winds. Wind speeds on Washington St. are moderate (wind speed ratios of 0.35 to 0.46), being highest north of the Transamerica Pyramid. Vertical vortices, stronger than those under northwest winds, occur off both the north and south downstream edges of the Transamerica Pyramid, creating turbulence at the Transamerica Redwood park, east of the Pyramid. The local wind direction is variable along 68 IV. Environmental Impacts Montgomery St. between the project site and the Transamerica Pyramid, but wind speeds are generally low over most of the block. Wind speeds at other locations near the site are low to moderately low. The project would change the existing wind environment of the site vicinity. Under prevailing northwest wind conditions, the project would have several effects. The intersection of Clay and Montgomery Sts. to the south would be less windy (a wind speed ratio of 0.50 would be reduced to 0.40) and less gusty than existing conditions. The vortex mid-block on Kearny St. between Washington and Jackson Sts. would be eliminated due to "shelter" from the project. A moderately high wind speed ratio (a ratio of more than 0.55, or about 2.5 times the existing wind speed ratio) would prevail on Montgomery St. east of the project site./3/ There would be steady, moderate winds around the northeast corner of the proposed building, under the covered walkways and at the project entrances. Street-side glass walls, vegetation, or other screening at the covered walkway area would provide pedestrian protection from these winds. Wind speed ratios would more than double (from a moderately low ratio of 0.20 to a moderate ratio of nearly 0.5) at the southeast corner of the Columbus Ave. intersection with Montgomery and Washington Sts.


The ABAG projection indicates that 1.25 million additional sq. ft. of office space will be occupied each year. This could be because no more than that would be demanded or because no more would be supplied. If occupancy is limited by supply, then more than 1.25 million sq. ft. of new space would be occupied each year if more than that amount were built. Vacancy rates and the rate of rent increase suggest a backlog of demand. One commercial real estate broker foresees that by 1984, 9.1 million sq. ft. of office space will be available, and all but about 2 million of this amount is presently 1 eased. /3/ The growth of office space would continue the trend of regional growth in service- sector and office headquarters activity and employment. The larger, newer buildings would be occupied primarily by larger tenants and those with 72 IV. Environmental Impacts the ability to pay higher rents. Because rent levels are lower for older buildings, the space which becomes vacated by tenants relocating to newer buildings could become available for tenants who cannot afford the higher rents for new office space. /4/ New increases in downtown office space and employment would increase the demand for retail goods, food and business services in the area. To the extent that the new space would not be occupied by firms providing these services, demand would increase for existing space and possibly for further devel opment. Multiplier effects would support additional employment in San Francisco and throughout the Bay Area in a number of different industrial and occupational groups. In addition, the construction industry would continue to be active while contributing to the area's economy through its own multiplier effects. HOUSING As indicated in the previous subsection, (p. 71), the project would result in an increase in downtown office employment of approximately 950 jobs by 1985. To the extent that the project would attract out-of-area employees and contribute to the formation of additional households by existing area residents, it would also contribute to increase local housing demand and a jobs/housing imbalance.


Peninsula residents, for example, could find Southern Pacific commuter trains more attractive if they could get no closer to downtown with their cars than the train terminal at Fourth and Townsend Sts. All transit options would add to the burdens of the regional and local transit system, particularly Muni . TRUCK DELIVERIES AND LOADING The project is proposed to have service vehicle access on the second-floor level of the building via a ramp from Merchant St. Two loading bays would be provided, as required by the City Planning Code, Section 152. The bays would be sized to handle standard single unit trucks and smaller vehicles. Analysis of the ramp and mezzanine geometry indicates that single-unit trucks and large delivery vans would be able to negotiate the ramp into the loading area. Semi -trailer trucks would not be able to use the loading bays, and would be expected to unload from Merchant, Montgomery or Washington Sts. Project demand would be for about four loading spaces. /6/ The project would not meet the average demand for loading space with off-street loading facilities, as proposed. The existing loading zones on the Montgomery St. frontage would be able to handle the excess demand. However, due to the possibility of illegal parking in the loading zone, double parking might occur. Access to the project's freight elevator from the loading docks would be provided via an accessway to the core of the building. The loading dock would be separated from the freight elevator by about 100 ft. of parking area. There would be direct access from the freight elevator to the building lobby and street-level uses. 90 IV. Environmental Impacts Access to the on-site passenger vehicle parking areas is proposed via Merchant St. A ramp to the garage is proposed from Merchant St. and would provide sufficient maneuvering space for passenger vehicles.


Under these conditions passenger loading times are increased; schedule adherence and passenger comfort are adversely affected. Although the other carriers operate at less than seated capacity during a one-hour period, specific routes are shown to experience peak-of-the-peak loadings in excess of seated capacity for periods from five to 30 minutes during the peak hour. An analysis was made of the cumulative transit impacts attributable to development in Downtown San Francisco. For all systems except the Muni, the analysis was conducted on a system level which considered the lines or groups of lines that serve the project area. For the Muni, a line-by line analysis was conducted according to the Department of City Planning guidel ines./2/ Increased transit ridership from 29 proposed downtown developments was included in the 1984 base values (see Appendix D, Table D-8 p. 208). In addition, growth from other developments not specifically analyzed was considered through the use of a growth factor. The ridership from the projects was added to the estimated 1984 base ridership, and the demand-to-capacity ratios, or load factors, attributable to the project were determined. 91 IV. Environmental Impacts As shown in Table 9, project ridership during the p.m. peak hour would not increase the transit loading by more than 0.3% on any of the non-Muni systems. This would not be a statistically significant change. /8/ Analysis of the transit data leads to a reasonable assumption that for short periods of time (15 to 30 minutes) certain routes experience loadings nearer to 100% of total capacity than the loadings shown in Table 9. The loadings shown are the result of averaging ridership of full vehicles with partially empty vehicles, thus equalizing the loads over the one-hour period. As the cumulative demand increases, the length of time of peak loadings will increase, thus forcing a spreading of peak-of-the-peak conditions over time.


Montana forest products bulletin

Anotiier estimated $5.5 million pa'/ment from national grassland and land utiliza- tion project receipts in calendar year 1987 will be shared by 19 states. 4 F. Dale Robertson, Chief of USDA's Forest Service, said advance estimates of the state payments help local budget planners complete their work earlier in the fiscal year. He said the final payments will be based on actual receipts collected and may vary from the estimates announced today. Robertson said 25 percent of the total national forest receipts for the fiscal year will be returned by the end of December to states with national forests. Revenues are collected by national forests for timber harvesting, grazing, recreational activities, mineral development, and other special uses. States are required by law to use their shares of the receipts for public schools and roads . MADISON AREA RANCHERS TURN LOGS INTO DOLLARS The Madison Conservation District and Madison area ranchers have teamed up to diversify rancher income by developing a cooperative program for converting their timber resources into lumber, enhancing forage production and planning for improved long-term productivity of both resources on iocal ranches. On September 29, 1987, the nuts and bolts of this cooperative program will be presented during a field demonstration at the Peter V. Jackson ranch In Norris. This demonstration is free and open to the public. The demo will be of interest to forest landowners including farmers and ranchers, industry and agency forest managers, forestry consultants and conservation district employees interested in starting a similar program in other parts of the State. The Madison Conservation District in cooperation with the Headwaters RC&D, has applied for a grant to purchase a portable sawmill which will be used to manufac- ture lumber from logs harvested on ranches on the Madison district. Ranchers who develop a forest management plan for long term production of timber and forage resources, will contract with the mill operator to have their logs sawn to their specifications.


Space Family Robinson Lost in Space No. 48: Pirates of the Asteroids (August 1976)

Let's leave Earth forawhile and take an imaginary trip to some other parts of our solar system. We can start with the smaller planets. Judging from present scientific beliefs, we would encounter some worlds far different from our own... Our spaceship speeds toward Mercury, the planet closest to the sun. It is also the smallest planet, having a diameter less than half of earth’s, Ithas no moon. ~ Mercury has the same side always facing the sun. On this dayside, it is terrifically hot, for the surface receives ten times more heat than Earth does. The nightside of Mercury is dark and frozen. A twilight belt, about 200 miles wide, exists between the night and day’sides, where temperatures aré less extreme. Land- ing there, we find Mercury has little, if any, atmosphere, Looking toward the sunlit side, we need goggles to cut down the brilliant glare of the sun’s corona. The sun itself appears three times larger and brighter than from Earth. Because there is little air on Mercury, the sky is black and there is no weather — no wind, no rain, no clouds. The gravity, three- tenths that of Earth, makes us feel light and aids in an easy take-off. ' Leaving Mercury behind, our spaceship. travels away from the sun toward Venus, our neighboring planet. From Earth, Venus is the brightest of the planets, because of its thick cloud cover which reflects. sunlight. We. find that these clouds, seen from below, look dark gray. Because Venus is Asa to the sun: than. Earth is, surface temperatures are much hotter, though not as extreme as on Mercury. The atmosphere contains an abundance of carbon dioxide, so we cannot breathe it. Since Venus is only/slightly smaller than the- Earth, there is not much difference in the pull of gravity.


Minutes of the votes and proceedings of the ... General Assembly of the State of New Jersey

In preparation for that show, my staff and I spent untold numbers of hours in research and collecting data on this 86 MINUTES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY issue, as well as the issue of alcohol abuse and potential legislative solutions. Therefore, any views or conclusions reached by me or since enunciated by me were formed based on that research and collection of data no later than June of 1978. Likewise my point of view has been long discussed with members of the media (in fact on occasion reported in the papers) many months prior to any known or possible contemplation by way of representation or ac- quiring a financial interest in reference to the Bull's Head Inn. 3. I have assured Senator Graves that I would personally support release of Senate No. 1126 from committee in what- ever final form the Judiciary Committee, after due delibera- tion, recommends — and that I would urge other members of my committee to do likewise, so the full membership of the General Assembly can have an opportunity to vote on this measure. I, therefore, have come to the following conclusions: 1. To fulfill the spirit and intent of the Legislative Code of Ethics that the integrity of the process would best be served by full disclosure of my interest, and that of my associates in the Bull's Head Inn. I believe that this docu- ment represents that full disclosure; and 2. Having committed to Senator Graves to support re- lease of Senate No. 1126, and having determined in my mind, without any reservation whatsoever that Senate No. 1126 would have minimal or no financial impact, if enacted, for me or with those whom I am associated; and 3. That any views publicly expressed by me on this issue predated the Bull's Head Inn transaction. I therefore conclude that my chairing of these hearings would not violate in any way either the spirit or letter of the Code of Ethics ; that I believe that I can fully participate in a fair and objective manner in these committee delibera- tions.


Clerk of the General Assembly State House Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Honorable Robert E. Gladden Secretary of the Senate State House Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Gentlemen : After years of litigation and struggle, employees of the former Raybestos-Manhattan Company, Passaic, New Jer- 174 MINUTES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY sey plant have reached a financial settlement with the com- pany involving pension rights. The lengthy court battle was engendered in part by a desire of the workers to gain a measure of economic justice under an Act of the New Jersey Legislature signed into law in 1973. As a Senator from Passaic County at that time, I vigorously supported the legislation for the sole purpose of aiding Raybestos em- ployees or any other New Jersey company employees found to be in similar circumstances due to the unconscionable actions on the part of their employers. Approximately seven months after the passage of the bill by the Senate and five months after then Governor Cahill signed the bill into law, several former Raybestos' employees contacted Pat Di Ianni, Esq., with whom I was sharing offices. As a result of these initial discussions, Mr. Di Ianni was retained either in October or November 1973 by a committee of former employees of Raybestos-Man- hattan to undertake legal action on behalf of the employees to procure their pension rights. On March 1, 1978 I entered into an agreement to establish the law firm of Bate, Di Ianni & Pogorelec as a partnership. At my insistence that agreement contains the provision that I would not, either as a partner or as an individual, share in or receive any legal fees resulting from the settlement of Raybestos' case. While there appears to be no legal prece- dent that would prevent me from sharing such fees, it is my firm conviction that it would be morally wrong to do so.


The Clerk read the following messages from the Gover- nor : State of New Jersey, Executive Department, \ June 11, 1979. J Assembly Bill No. 573 To the Assembly: Pursuant to Article V, Section I, Paragraph 14(a) of the Constitution, I herewith return Assembly Bill No. 573, with- out my approval. This bill would require every municipality which issues identification cards to its volunteer or part-paid firemen to include on such identification cards, the date of issue and the name, address, photograph, right thumbprint and signa- ture of the fireman to whom it was issued. The statement of the Assembly Municipal Government Committee indicates that this information would be identical to that provided on New Jersey State Police identification cards. The reason for the bill set forth in that committee state- ment is that firemen frequently are engaged in hazardous duty on private premises and therefore should be able to identify themselves. However, if a fireman is engaged in lighting a fire, I do not see why he would need a detailed identification card. Proponents of the bill argue that these identification cards would aid in identification of persons fighting fires who die in those fires. While this seems to be the most plausible reason for the bill, if a fire is serious enough to disfigure a person to the degree he cannot be recognized, I question whether the identification card, in whatever form, would survive. At present, various municipalities voluntarily issue iden- tification cards to their volunteer firemen and include such MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1979 293 information as they deem appropriate. There is no legal requirement that such cards be issued. This bill would man- date that municipalities which issue such cards include cer- tain detailed information. However, if a municipality does not issue such cards, this bill would not require it to do so. Further, if a municipality wanted to stop issuing such cards altogether, this legislation would not prevent it from doing so.


L. 1977, c. 110) primarily to increase the annual tax on the gross revenues of casinos from eight percent to 11 percent when two casinos are in operation, nine percent when three are in operation and eight and one-half percent when four are in operation. "When five casinos are in operation, the tax will return to eight percent. The proposed casino tax increase is linked with Assembly Bill No. 3526 which would establish a Lifeline Credit Pro- gram. The program would provide a $100 line of credit to all gas and electric utility customers eligible to receive benefits under the Pharmaceutical Assistance to the Aged (PAA) Program or the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program in order to defray a portion of their utility THURSDAY, AUGUST 23, 1979 479 bills for the coming and succeeding winters. By its terms, x\.-3526 will remain inoperative until the funding for the program is provided by an increase in the casino tax. I am returning this bill together with a recommendation to expand the category of eligible recipients in A.-3626 to include disabled persons who have the same income quali- fications as PAA recipients, in addition to those receiving- SSI benefits. Casino tax revenues ore intended to benefit both senior citizens and disabled persons. I find no reason not to include disabled persons who have identical income limitations as eligible senior citizens. An estimated 60,000 disabled persons could be assisted by such an amendment and, at that level of participation, the additional cost of the program would be $6 million. I urge the Legislature, therefore, to amend this bill to increase the rate of taxation to 14 percent for two casinos, 12 percent for three, 10 percent for four and 8 percent for five or more. Furthermore, 1 ask thai the provision direct- ing a special assessment on the casinos to accelerate repay- ment to the Casino Control Fund of the moneys appropri- ated from the General State Fund for the start-up costs of the Casino Control Commission and Department of Law and Public Safety be reinstated.


The stated purpose of Assembly Bill No. 1285 (3rd OCR) is to regulate the performance of abortions in the State of New Jersey. I have expressed my personal and moral reservations on abortion. My recent veto of the capital punishment bill demonstrates my concern for human life. On that occasion I stated: Clearly the preservation of human life and protection of the safety of our citizens are among the highest goals of state government. 704 MINUTES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY I do not believe we have the right to impose our moral views on society even though we might be the clear ma- jority. With this in mind and despite personal feelings, I feel it inappropriate for me to approve a bill which will substantially impair a woman's constitutionally recognized right to privacy in the matter of abortions. I respect the Legislature's deliberations and efforts to fashion a bill in this area which is fraught with legal pit- falls. Nevertheless, there are still questions about the con- stitutionality of the bill. After careful consideration, I have concluded that the cumulative effect of the provisions of Assembly Bill No. 1285 would not be to regulate reasonably but rather to erode substantially the right of a woman to choose to have an abortion in this State. I am troubled by certain aspects of the informed consent provisions of the bill, specifically those provisions which require a physician to advise a woman of a detailed list of factors she should consider. I am informed by Commis- sioner Finley that many of the statements required to be included on the consent form regarding risks of abortion have not been medically proven. The listed factors empha- size only the negative aspects of abortions rather than presenting a balanced framework for an intelligent, in- formed choice. A reasonable regulation would explain all of the factors to a woman making this choice.


Other areas of legal concern include the procedure for parental notification, the twenty-four hour waiting period and the requirement that all abortions after the twelfth week be performed in a hospital. This latter requirement is in direct conflict with pertinent regulations of the State Department of Health and the State Board of Medical Examiners which permit licensed independent clinics 10 perform abortions, in certain instances, up to the fourteenth week of gestation. In addition, the proposed law requires physicians per- forming abortions to undertake numerous record keeping and reporting responsibilities. It requires that under tain circumstances a physician present written justification for his medical decisions. These difficult medical determi- nations and reports must be made under the pressure that the physician may face criminal liability if he contra v the proposed law. Many of these record keeping and re] ing requirements may infringe upon the practice of medi- THURSDAY, JANUARY 3, 1980 705 cine and are of no public health significance or value to the Department of Health. The total impact of the record keeping and reporting requirements, the difficult medical determinations and the threat of criminal liability is likely to deter many physicians from performing abortions in this State. As a former prosecutor of criminal abortion cases, I know the human tragedy that can result from illegal abortions. Now that abortions within constitutional guidelines are permitted it would be distressing to see the return of the back alley abortion because licensed physicians are reluctant to perform abortions. Finally, if abortions become difficult to obtain in New Jersey, those of our citizens who are financially able to do so will seek them in our neighboring states. Thus to many New Jersey residents our regulation will be meaningless. While this bill has the effect of going beyond its stated purpose of reasonably regulating abortions in the State of New Jersey, some regulation in this area may be in order.


West Sacramento News-Ledger 1999-05-05

At the age of ten Sara be¬ gan to question her Chris¬ tian faith, and wonder if By Olivia I)e Mars Staff Writer By Danielle Meaux and their sins. Bryon (Jroesbeck W i /777TT77*77 [FT, Catholics have many ceremo¬ nies and rituals to go through There are so many religions in such as baptism and confirma- the world, just counting them tion. Baptism is the liturgical would be a complex task. One of celebration in which a child or the largest groups at River City adult is cleansed of sin and be- is Catholicism,the largest de- gins a new life with God. Water nomination of Christianity in the is sprinkled on the the persons world. head as a sign of the person’s The week of a Catholic could cleansing from sin. include church on Fridays and During confirmation, a bishop Saturdays and definitely on Sun- or priest, puts holy oil, called days, the day of rest. Thesurvice Chrism, on the forehead of the is called a mass, whereCathlics person being confirmed. The take holy communion, in which Chrism signifies that these the priest symbolicly turns bread people have been strengthened and wine into the body and blood by the Holy Spirit so that they of Jesus Christ. A Catholics also may live up to their faith, pray to the Virgin Mary and of- Stephanie Luna said, “1 felt truly ten go to confession to ask the connected with God’’ when she priest to forgive them for all was confirmed. Atheism/Agnosticism The Positive Atheist Home Page www.aracnet.com/-atheism/ index.htm humans evolved from simple organ- there was a god, I believe that isms to the complicated humans we that god would not have made are today. It had to do with chemi- this world what it is.” cals and chemical reactions, not Salina Salas, another atheist, added, “If there was a god, how could he allow innocent chil¬ dren to be raped, molested, and murdered?


Mullins - Illustrating The Sermon An In ( 2)

In recent years story and inductive preaching have become popular. Fred Craddock in his books As One Without Authority . Overhearing the Gospel . and Preaching along with Steimle, Niedenthal, and Rice's book, Preaching the Story , have Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 5 impacted preaching and the use of illustrations tremendously. These books point us to the simple fact that the illustration is the message. This may be seen in the parables of Jesus. The parable of the good Samaritan was not to clarify the point. The parable was the point. A more in-depth understanding of illustrations would seem to be in order. My thesis is that a more significant understanding of how illustrations work in preaching may be gained if one studies how illustrations worked in sermons in the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth centuries. This project investigates the use of illustrations in sermons from three medieval texts, one from the twelfth century, one from the thirteenth century, and one from the fourteenth century. The texts to be investigated are The Art of Preaching by Alan of Lille, Treatise on the Formation of Preachers by Humbert of Romans, and The Form of Preaching by Robert of Basevorn. While each of these texts has a great deal of informa¬ tion concerning preachers, preaching, and audiences, this project will only seek to understand the functions of illus¬ trations found therein. Chapter 2 has three parts: the background of Christian preaching in Judaism and in the "works" of Jesus and Paul; the background provided for late medieval theoreticians of sermons by Augustine, Gregory the Great, and Guibert of Nogent? and the five general characteristics of medieval sermonizing. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 6 Chapter 3 has three parts: a brief biography of Alan of Lille; a discussion of Alan's book The Art of Preaching ; and a discussion of Alan's understanding of illustrations.


Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 22 heretics, a theological dictionary as well as the Art of Preaching . The Art of Preaching is divided into forty-eight divi¬ sions following the author's Preface. Only the Preface and the first chapter speak about preaching. The remaining forty- seven chapters are topics to be preached or audiences to be addressed. Chapter two is called "On Despising the World" while chapter three is entitled "On Despising Oneself." Other chapter titles include "Against Sloth," "Against Anger," and "Against Loquaciousness." Positive topics such as "On Peace" and "On the love of God" are also included. The eight audi¬ ences addressed by individual chapters are. Soldiers, Orators, Princes and Judges, the Cloistered Religious, Priests, the Married, Widows and Virgins. Alan used four authorities to lend support to his discussion of the divisions. He used the Biblical text. Patristic writings, secular quotations, and examples. For example in his chapter "Against Dissipation" Alan begins with a number of scriptural supports and then quotes Gregory the Great. Toward the end of the chapter, Alan contrasts Biblical examples. Jezebel is contrasted with the Virgin Mary. Joseph and Daniel are contrasted with David and Ammon. In the middle of this chapter Alan uses several mathematical formulas to drive home the case against dissi¬ pation. He speaks of three things in hell, three loathsome things in this vice, five steps of dissipation, three things that drive a man from his house. Alan uses multiple metaphors as well, such as filth, dung-pits, flies, emasculation, she- Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 23 goat of stinking lust, wolves, and intoxication to mention a few. This chapter is concluded by Alan stating that gluttony is the beginning of lust and dissipation and should be avoided at all costs.


Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 56 sources familiar to the listeners, and can be humorous. Robert uses illustrations that compare to make meanings clear. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 57 CHAPTER 6 Conclusion The modern preacher can learn something about illustrat¬ ing sermons from the three medieval sermon manuals discussed. While each manual discusses illustrations in different ways and from different viewpoints some general conclusions can be made. A variety of strategies for illustrations is to be preferred. Alan used contrasts, sequences, comparisons, and vivid language. Humbert used anecdotes, comparisons, and sequences. Robert used examples and comparisons. The use of comparisons was preferred by all three of the texts. The second most preferred method of illustration was sequences. Illustrations were drawn not only from Scripture, but also from classical authors, current books of illustrations, common life situations, and lives of the saints. Illustrations were used for a variety of reasons. The obvious reason was to make clear the intent of the preacher. Illustrations were used to gain and maintain the listener's attention. Illustrations were used as supports for the preacher's arguments. Illustrations were used to appeal to the emotions of the listeners. Because certain important people used illustrations, the texts discussed recommended using illustrations. Among those who were to be emulated were Jesus, Paul, Augustine, Gregory and Bernard. Different Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 58 illustrations were to be used for different audiences. Illustrations meant different things for the different authors. In fact, it would seem that for each sermon preached a different meaning for each story, contrast, or comparison could be made. The three texts all cautioned the preacher to be sure that the illustration not only suited the sermon and audience, but also did not call attention to itself.


Middlebury Campus 1970-10-16 : Volume LXVI, Issue 4

The proposal that Mr. Carey remain a non-voting member, while the other deans would be given two-thirds of a vote each was also refuted for lack of a common denominator between ad¬ ministrators and students. Dean O’Brien presented a motion stating that the president would designate the deans who would represent the administra¬ tion. The motion was seconded, but could not be passed, as the students’ voting status had not yet been settled. The suggestion that just the student officers vote illuminated another decision the representa¬ tives had come to am >ng them¬ selves - that they would take turns serving in each office. They were asked to consider the effect of rotating offices on accepting re¬ sponsibility for decision-making. The officers of the week then voted in favor of Dean O’Brien's motion, and it was passed unan¬ imously. A discussion of whether all eight student members would be invited to faculty meetings closed with the assurance of one stu- Continued on Page 7 However, used out of propor¬ tion, repetion becomes ex¬ pressionless and monolithic. One has the distinct impression that something is being repeated more for practical reasons than for the poetic as in such a work as “Beware The Fury of A Patient Man” where it seems rather to substitue for something better. In spite of these certain idio- syncracies of style Espace Libre presents some beautiful expres¬ sions of the simplicity of child¬ hood, of highly personal emo¬ tions, and of captured thoughts in a lyrical outpouring that seems foreign to our all too structured thought. Its greatest value lies in its ability to create an emo¬ tional link between poet and reader that serves as the readers own first step toward the reali¬ sation of his personal values. Worke rs To the Editor- There are two classes of peo¬ ple at Middlebury College.


Monterey news

Bohn suggested obtaining up-to-date figures on the town's financial situation before including this item on the warrant for town meeting. The Selectmen announced that all warrant articles for the annual town meeting on May 2 must be submitted by March 30. The warrant will be submitted to town counsel for review on April 6, and the Board will sign the finalized warrant on April 13. Last month, we reported in this space that the troubles of the Monterey Water Company has ended. Our information came from a story in the Berkshire Eagle. Unfortunately, that information was incorrect. In fact, the Monterey Water Company is not exempt from the federal requirements outlined in the 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. The exemptions were granted for gravel-packed wells. The Monterey well in question is a bedrock well, According to Mark Makuc, in a letter to the editor printed in the Eagle, “Our well is a backup to a spring which is our ~ primary supply. The DEP would like us to stop using that spring despite its history of excellent water quality, unless we filter, which is financially beyond our means.” The bottom line is that the Monterey Water Company is back to square one. They don't have the type of water sources that have been exempted from regulations and are still being threatened with shut down unless they make massive, expensive, seemingly unnecessary improvements. The Selectmen voted unanimously to grant Shirley Clute of Art School Road a conflict-of-interest exemption in her funding application to the Monterey Arts Council for the Following Bidwell House projects: security improvement, oral history project and photographic preservation project. The following building permit applications were approved: Steven and Barbara Hillenius, for a living room addition to their Hupi Woods Circle home; Tom Gillis, for the construction of an outside deck at his Harmon Road home. — Maggie Leonard CANDIDATES FOR TOWN OFFICE Elections for town officers will be held at the annual town meeting on May 2.


Monterey news

The first horse we looked at was perfect, but it turned out someone else had first refusal on her. Since she was perfect, these people of course bought her. We sat home heartbroken for a day or two, and then went to look at another horse. It was zero degrees out, and windy: bad weather for-doing anything. But we had the bit in our teeth, so to speak, and if there were horses out there, we were going tocheck them out. This second horse, despite the weather, was also perfect! Can you believe it? He was different in almost every respect from the first horse we'd seen, and yet, he too was wonderful. We did not buy him because he was the ugliest horse we had ever encountered, and we had to go home and search our souls as to whether or not we could stand to be seen with him. It was our vanity, our imperfection, that was the problem here, not his. I said to myself, “Mostly, I won't have time to ride this horse. My pleasure will come from looking at it as I am dashing up to the garden, jumping in the car, doing all the things I do which will not leave me much time for riding. Will my heart leap up like I want it to when I look at this ugliest of horses?” While thinking this one over and tossing it back and forth with the other family members, we drove off to see another horse. She was also perfect! Oh, maybe she hadn't been ridden much, maybe never learned a thing, really, about that special bond between rider and horse, that silent, instantaneous communication by means of body signals. Actually, we couldn't tell if 10 Sul she'd ever had a bridle on in her life.


Monterey news

All the elements are meshing. — Nancy Adams 12 OVER THE RAINBOW: MARJ'S BURIAL An arc of folk huddle on this hillside, ache among tombstones and thyme, face the Scotsman who drives your dirge through an inflated bag. The air crowds; he competes, defeats the military helicopter overhead. (You drew the khaki dragonfly yourself, a wry wrinkle in the corner of the page; a sop to out solemnity.) Grieve this, you call, if grieving suits you: sleeping children proud and trained in weapons of war fly over funerals, and each of them a Wilfred Owen. As for me, salute me with a shout. Send me on, my way Satisfied, awake and aware with a rousing. Amen. — MaryKate Jordan ENIGMA My first in in happy, not in sad. My next not in lonely, but it is in glad. My third is in friendly, not in hate. And my last is in month, though not in date. Find the letters that spell the answer. — Eleanor Kimberley Answer on page 18 FAREWELL TO WINTER Farewell old winter with ice and snow And chilly blasts with each breath you blow, With Jack Frost's paintings on window panes, And sparkling diamonds from freezing rains Crowning the hillsides and valleys too Whenever the sun comes smiling through. On mountain tops bright sunsets glow As the time draws near when you must go. Now we long for spring to come once more With juncos hopping near our door; With robins' songs at break of dawn And crocuses to deck the lawn. Farewell old winter and welcome spring! Welcome the flowers, and birds that sing. Welcome the sunshine bright and warm, And farewell to you with your cold and storm. — Eleanor Kimberley FROST HEAVES Winter has returned After this taste of spring; The thaw reached deeply Into my thoughts And my buds were green Under thinning winter shells.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Although Middlebury is in fact highly selective, it is in keen competition with other colleges for students of exceptional promise. Why does a student accepted at a major university or another fine liberal arts college finally decide on Middlebury? Students cite as prime factors coeducation, size, academic pro¬ gram and, very frequently, geography. Located on the western edge of the Green Mountains in a small Vermont town, Mid¬ dlebury exists in an especially attractive natural setting. Those who rejoice in urban pleasures may not at first be enchanted with the great national forest, mountains and streams which surround the campus; but they can, if adventurous, explore the resources of the closest great city, Montreal, which is only three hours away by car. The rest of this publication will describe the people, pro¬ grams and facilities that compose Middlebury College. Al¬ though there is much that is common to other institutions of high academic quality, and although much has been borrowed from long association with the other New England colleges and universities, an independence born out of a splendid solitude among the rugged Vermont hills finally defines Middlebury. The College has been forced to be self-reliant because it could not take easy borrowings from close academic neighbors or major cities. The books, the gadgetry and the people which make up a college have been brought to Middlebury for the sole and single purpose of undergraduate education. It was not the natural and easy course to found a college in a Vermont village in 1800, it had to be a matter of conscious choice. Edu¬ cation at Middlebury continues to be a matter of choice, not drift. This will to education creates a particular spirit and pride which stamps Middlebury, for all it shares with others, as unique. 9 The Middlebury Student In a recent guidebook to American colleges, Middlebury was listed along with a handful of other colleges and universities as among the most selective in the country.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Fortunately with such a range of enthusiasms, students display extraordinary tolerance. There seems to be very little pressure at Middlebury to conform to any present image. Fraternity men, ballet dancers, rock faddists, violinists, electronic experts, and gourmets not only coexist but interact in a series of social pat¬ terns which defy normal stereotypes. 12 The Faculty Approximately 80% of the Middlebury faculty who teach in degree granting programs have received their Ph.D. degree or the equivalent terminal degree in their field. Harvard is most strongly represented on the faculty, followed by Yale, Prince¬ ton, Columbia and the University of Chicago. Faculty choose Middlebury because of the teaching opportunities it affords. Excellent faculty like to have excellent students, it is as simple as that. Here is how one faculty member characterizes teaching at Middlebury: “Professors have a relationship with students that makes teaching at Middlebury an experience of joy and self- fulfillment. Many classes are seminars. Lecture courses with large enrollments have generally one hour of group discus¬ sion each week. Senior majors write a thesis under the direc¬ tion of a professor. Because of the structure of learning, teachers and students communicate with each other in a personal and dynamic way. After lectures, students do not shuffle out of classrooms mutely and indifferently. There are always some deeply involved and responsive students who re¬ main to ask questions and to dispute the instructor’s inter¬ pretation or argument. Facing the challenge of such intellec¬ tually aggressive and critically alert young minds, professors cannot rest contentedly with the knowledge that they have acquired in graduate school. At Middlebury, teachers must be students, learning con¬ tinually, posing new questions, looking at old questions from a fresh perspective, and re-evaluating old views. Because of close and frequent contacts with students as individual per¬ sons, teachers have the opportunity to observe them develop in mind and spirit from the beginning to the end of the semester, from freshman year to graduation.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Literature confronts in an immediate and moving way the complexities of the human heart. Learning to criticize and analyze literature is not just an arid exercise in prosody. To be able to read and write accurately and self-reflectively is a major accomplishment which the English department hopes to foster while acquainting students with the range of sensibili¬ ties within the English literary tradition. MUSIC It is often difficult to perceive exactly what the philosophy of the music major at Middlebury is —but whatever it is, students seem to enjoy it immensely. Music may well be one of the most action-oriented departments at the College. Students are con¬ tinually asked to do musical things, not just passively listen or 25 scan the scores. In an elementary course everyone will construct and perform a musical composition — standard instruments disallowed. Anyone who has sat through a multi-media per¬ formance of a Sonata for Ping-pong Balls and Oil-drums is not likely to forget it and, amazingly, the bare bones of musical composition become apparent. Doing music is the essence of the department’s performance seminars which center on the classical musical repertoire. The diversity of the department’s program reflects the diversity of the faculty: a composer-theorist, a performer, and two music historians. Surrounding the core of departmental courses there is a penumbra of performance activities. Instruc¬ tion is offered in several instruments, in choir, orchestra, col¬ legium, concert, and stage band. Organ instruction is par¬ ticularly popular because of the presence of a gifted performer on the regular faculty and two new instruments: a baroque organ and a Gress-Miles 48 rank instrument. Music offers special opportunities for cooperation and “double effect.” The 26 electronic music studio is not only a place for composing in a modern idiom, but for theoretical analysis of musical textures.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

As a matter of fact, philosophy is probably as fine a training for law school as any major, since it requires constant, dispassionate attention to intricate arguments on very complex and often emotionally charged issues. It is the apparent overwhelming nature of the questions which phi¬ losophy considers that often dissuades students from pursuing the subject. The questions are so important, that the kind of rational, “arms length dealing” which philosophy requires seems almost to deny the urgency of the issue. But one of the clear attractions of philosophy to its practitioners is the oppor¬ tunity of discoursing in depth and at length on topics which most people consider too loaded for polite conversation. Students intersect with the philosophy program in three ways. There are the majors who are asked to explore three central areas: ethics and social philosophy, philosophy of sci¬ ence and theory of knowledge, and history of philosophy. Stu¬ dents looking for a quick once-over of a discipline where tourism is never leisurely are offered a variety of historical and problem- centered courses. Finally, many students have their primary contact with philosophy through various “philosophy of’ courses —art, law, religion, education, history, science, language, and social science—which relate to their major fields of study. RELIGION The study of religion cannot be confined in a single discipline. The Department of Religion presents the manifold of religious phenomena from various methodological viewpoints but two points of view predominate—the historical and philosophical. An historical approach presents the forms of religious life in 27 their social and cultural setting, and attempts to discover ele¬ ments of universal human significance inherent in these his¬ torical forms. The philosophical and theological approach in¬ quires into the truth as well as the meaning of religious beliefs. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of religious studies, the department works cooperatively with other departments, in particular.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Philosophy and Sociology-Anthropology, to develop courses for its program. Very few students come to college expecting to major in Religion—and yet a significant number eventually do. This is not surprising. College years are a traditional time of testing for values and beliefs. Many students take a relipon course “to give religion a last chance,” to strengthen a faith, to have an opportunity to read the Bible or the Vedanta, out of curiosity or because they have heard good things about Professor X. Al¬ most inevitably they are struck with the range and depth of religious phenomena, the intellectual and emotional power of the texts, and the interest and concern of the faculty in their subject matter. Very few who then decide to study further intend to be priests, ministers, or rabbis — though the College has produced graduates in each category—but if undergradu¬ ate education aims to evaluate values, the study of religion can be central to that education. THEATER and DANCE Students in theater arts courses have a unique opportunity to synthesize the whole spectrum of academic disciplines. Faculty in this department argue persuasively that their curriculum amounts to a whole liberal arts education in miniature: literature, psychology, artistic design, dance, music, elec¬ tronics, engineering, and certainly some moral discipline to get through rehearsal and master the performance. The de¬ partment offers a kaleidoscope of subjects, including courses in acting, directing, design, film study, dramatic literature, and playwrighting. Performance provides a vital and rewarding aspect of the program. Students and faculty work together to stage approx¬ imately a dozen works each year. Productions occur chiefly in two theater spaces: the 400 seat Wright Theatre, which boasts one of the few computerized lighting systems in this region, and the Hepburn Zoo, which accommodates production of ex¬ perimental theater pieces.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Another part will focus on the abnormal or disturbed manifestations of these behaviors. A third part will focus on intra-individual processes which mediate these be¬ haviors, whether normal or disordered. Course offerings in psychology at Middlebury College serve at least these three functions and give the student related prac- ticum or laboratory work where such is relevant to tl^ course material. Many students are surprised by the “scientific bent of psychology at Middlebury. Popular images of “psychology as an instant key to and sudden cure of, the troubled human self, distort the theoretical and practical complexities ot the subiect. Psychology is truly a young science although its rise has been extraordinary in this century. The Departinents interest in precision, control, and experiment reflects a legiti¬ mate desire to substitute validated truth for mere conjecture and opinion. SOCIOLOGY-ANTHROPOLOGY Sociology-Anthropology has the distinct advantage of combin¬ ing exposure to two disciplines within a single department. A special effort is made to help students to capitalize on these two complementary perspectives. Students are encouraged to study comparatively those social institutions covered by both anthropologists and sociologists: family and kinship, stratifi¬ cation and inequality, and political behavior. Students can usually devise their own program of area studies using the resources of other departments. Sociology-Anthropology offers course work in Latin America, the Far East (especially China and Japan), and North American Indian cultures. Several 34 courses deal with American society and its social problems: education, population, deviance, and majority-minority relations. The department blends both the scientific and humanistic dimensions of Sociology and Anthropology. For the science- oriented, there is the opportunity to engage in original research or to perform analyses on data bases already available on the computer. For the humanities-oriented, there is the oppor¬ tunity to consider the human implications of social-science research.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Languages at Middlebury are innovative and creative, offering the opportunity to stu¬ dents not only to increase their knowledge of the spoken language but to have direct contact with the cultural tradition of the country of their language, either through specially designed courses on campus, participation in the summer Language Schools, or foreign study. CHINESE Middlebury has recently introduced an undergraduate pro¬ gram in Chinese to complement and expand its very successful long time summer program in that language. Courses are of¬ fered in Mandarin Chinese, and the College also offers courses in translation covering major literary and ideological movements in Chinese culture. Students may pursue an ex¬ panded program of Chinese studies by coordinating under¬ graduate work with the Middlebury College summer program. Chinese language augments a constellation of course materials in Asia offered in History, Religion, Art and Anthropology. CLASSICS The Classics Department offers students the opportunity to study great works of Classical literature, history and philosophy 37 in their original languages as well as in English translation. Be¬ ginning courses in Greek and Latin introduce students very quickly to authentic selections from such authors as Homer and Plato, Cicero and Virgil, as well as the New Testament and medieval poetry. The department also offers courses on a wide range of topics from archaeology to Greek Science which are taught entirely in English. FRENCH The French Department seeks to develop in its students the linguistic ability to pursue in French their various personal and intellectual interests. Intensive beginning and intermediate courses bring students up to a level where they can begin to branch out, and students with more advanced preparation may take upper level courses in language, literature and civilization. Most recently, members of the department have been developing courses in the French film, women’s studies and comparative literature.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

In addition to the program of study offered by the French Department, there are varied extracurricular activities, centered in the Chateau with its forty French speaking resi¬ dents. In the Chateau dining room members of the French Department faculty eat on a regular basis with students, dis¬ cussing not only their course work but perhaps a recent film, preparation for the annual French play, or an upcoming visit to Montreal. An opportunity for foreign study is also provided through the Junior Year program in Paris. Each year many Middlebury students, usually a 50 - 50 mixture of majors and non-majors, attend the School in France. The first few weeks, beginning in early September, constitute an intensive preliminary session of language work and an introduction to contemporary France. Upon completion of these preliminary courses and through consultation with the resident Director, students select from a wide range of courses including art, history, language, linguis¬ tics, literature, philosophy, political science and sociology. GERMAN German is not a language which many entering students have already studied, or in which they plan to major. It says some¬ thing about the Middlebury German Department that it pro¬ duces a very respectable number of German majors. Key to their success is a very carefully thought out, witty, and imagina¬ tive set of elementary teaching materials devised by the staff (a best seller nationally). These materials are then set into a 39 unique teaching pattern which minimizes out-of-class prepa¬ ration but maximizes intensive drill with faculty. This obviously calls for dedication from both student and teacher but the excess energy of the department appears to make the whole exercise both profitable and enjoyable. The Germans were first in the field with a Middlebury overseas undergraduate program at Mainz. The program is deliberately limited to a single term since experience strongly suggested to the department that most of the linguistic gains are made in that period.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

The relationship with the University of Mainz is unique in that Middlebury students are permitted to enroll directly in regular courses. Recently, through Mainz, the department has begun to import from the second German TV network television programs for experimental teaching purposes. RUSSIAN Middlebury s Russian Department offers a varied curriculum covering language instruction on beginning, intermediate and advanced levels as well as a range of courses in literature, civili¬ zation and culture. The program of each student may empha¬ size either the language, literature, culture or civilization and is planned individually in consultation with the chairman. In addition to the academic year activities in Russian studies with opportunities to explore Soviet contributions to the literary world, the College has an established nine week summer Russian School that provides students with intensive study in beginning, intermediate and advanced Russian as well as ad¬ vanced courses in culture and civilization offered during the six week session. The Russian experience may also be broadened through foreign study. Middlebury College now sponsors its own semester-length program at the Pushkin Institute in Mos¬ cow, open to qualified students who have completed three or more years of study of the language. SPANISH-ITALIAN Spanish — the twofold aim of the Spanish Department is to develop in its students a full command of the language as well as a mastery of the rich literature and culture of the Hispanic peoples. The introductory courses concentrate on a thorough and rapid development of language skills that will enable the student to become involved in advanced courses in language, literature, and culture and civilization. In addition to the diverse courses offered by the Department, juniors may 40 participate in the Spanish School in Madrid. Majors as well as non-majors are encouraged to take advantage of this oppor¬ tunity to widen their educational horizons by studying in one of the Spanish-speaking countries abroad.


Middlebury College Catalogue, 1980

Middlebury also offers intensive language instruction at the beginning, intermediate and advanced levels as a part of the summer sessions of the Spanish School. In addition, a number of graduate courses are open to qualified undergraduates during the summer. The Spanish Club organizes various activities throughout the academic year, and students have the opportunity to dine with faculty members at the Spanish tables in the Chateau. Italian — the Italian courses are designed to meet the needs of Italian majors, other foreign language majors and students from related fields such as art, literature, music and sociology who are working toward a double or joint major or concentration. The aim of the program is to develop, not only a working command of the language, but involvement in the Italian contribution to literature, art, music and philosophy. In recognition of the needs of the college community at large, the Department also offers courses in translation. The Italian experience may be further enriched through participation in the summer session of the Italian School. Intensive instruction is offered at both the beginning and intermediate levels. Quali¬ fied students may also participate in advanced graduate courses offered at the summer session of the Italian School. An opportunity for foreign study is provided through the Junior Year Program in Florence, Italy. Majors and non-majors ac¬ tively participate in either the one-semester or full-year pro¬ grams in Italy under the guidance of a resident director. NATURAL SCIENCE Since the dedication of a new Science Center in 1968, Mid- dlebury has continued to improve its science facilities. A new academic computing center was installed in Voter Hall in 1975; Warner Science, the home of psychology, geography, mathematics, and botany, was completely renovated in 1978; the Science Center library and computing facilities were redesigned and renovated in 1979. Middlebury offers something that is not found in a large research oriented university; a program geared in size and philosophy toward undergraduate teaching and undergraduate participation in research.


The self and the object world.

Many ideas in that paper were further amplified and elaborated on in subsequent works: thus this Monograph is both a summary and an exten¬ sion of these contributions. However, it is not merely an expanded version of "The Self and the Object World,” nor is its scope limited to the subject matter of its title. In its greater comprehensiveness it offers a systematic frame of ref¬ erence for a psychoanalytic genetic psychology which encom¬ passes the early phases of psychic development, latency, adolescence, and adulthood. Superb accounts of the adoles¬ cent phase of development as well as of the role of the ego and superego in guilt and shame are welcome additions to the understanding of these complicated problems. Most illuminating are Dr. Jacobson’s discussions of ego [vii] FOREWORD goals and ego ideal, of the precursors of the superego, and of the factors which eventually lead to the formation of this psychic structure, unique to man. In doing so, she emphasizes the influence of ego maturation upon the development of the superego, calling attention to the reciprocal interplay of forces which eventuates in the formation of particular psychic structures. The author is especially aware of such interaction and of the multidimensional aspects and the genetic contin¬ uity of psychic life. She repeatedly demonstrates that no single event in psychic development remains uninfluenced by any other one, and all of them must be integrated. Thus she does not fall prey to the too common error of exaggerating the importance of one particular aspect of development. In discussing the different stages of psychosexual develop¬ ment, the author examines, reviews, and amplifies many con¬ troversial subjects, such as the concepts of identity, infantile orality, and narcissism. The differentiations between ego, self, and self representations are explained with special clarity. Concepts of undifferentiated drive energy, the undifferen¬ tiated ego-id and their gradual emergence into functioning psychic structures, are incorporated into a conceptual scheme which illuminates our understanding of many obscure clinical phenomena.


The self and the object world.

John Frosch and to the Editorial Board for encouraging me to write this book. I am especially grateful to Dr. Max Schur for his thorough study and his very helpful discussion of this volume with me. I also want to extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Nathaniel Ross and to Mrs. Lottie Newman for their valu¬ able editorial assistance, and to Miss Paula Gross and Miss Mona M. Karff for their tireless work in preparing the manuscript. [ix] Introduction In recent years, psychoanalysts have paid increasing atten¬ tion to the fascinating problem of identity. Of course, a fruit¬ ful discussion of this problem presupposes precise definitions of such terms as self, ego, and identity or ego identity, which are indispensable for constructive analytic approaches to this and many related questions. Whereas Hartmann (1950) intro¬ duced and carefully defined the distinction between the con¬ cepts of ego, self, and self representations, there exists no such generally accepted psychoanalytic definition of the concept of identity. In fact, the authors who have lately explored this subject attach quite different meanings to these terms and consequently arrive at seemingly different conclusions. 1 In the context of several studies published during the past decade (1953b, 1954a, 1954b, 1959), I have discussed different aspects of self awareness, identity, and certain disturbances in the feeling of identity. Comparing my ideas with those expressed in recent papers and books on this subject, I have discovered considerable 1 As far as I know, the term identity has been introduced into the psycho¬ analytic literature by Victor Tausk in his brilliant paper on the “influencing v'' machine” (1919). In this article he examines how the child discovers objects and his self; he asserts that man, in his struggle for survival, must throughout life constantly find and experience himself anew (p. 22). INTRODUCTION differences of opinion, which have stimulated my own think¬ ing and caused me to expand and reorganize my earlier paper on “The Self and the Object World” (1954a) into this volume bearing the same title.


The self and the object world.

Rapaport (1956) criticized me for supposedly equating the “sej£’ with the " self rep resentations," a metapsychological concept which will be defined later. AlthougirT'discnmihated quite carefully between these concepts, it is true that for semantic reasons I occasionally referred to the self or the objects when it seemed to be clear that I actually meant their psychic representations. In this volume I shall make special efforts to avoid confusing terminological inaccuracies. However, this is not always possible. It may be recalled that Freud, too, often briefly referred to objects when he clearly meant their psychic representations. " ^ [6] NARCISSISM, MASOCHISM—CONCEPT OF SELF display narcissistic or masochistic sexual or social behavior document clearly enough the tendency to withdraw object cathexis and to make their own persons the objects of either love, admiration, and libidinal gratification, or of hate, depreciation, and destructiveness. But what precisely is the meaning of narcissism and masochism in the primitive psy¬ chic organization prior to the child’s discovery of his own self and of the object world? To obtain an answer, we obvi¬ ously must turn to a study of the drive manifestations of the infant and try to give a precise metapsychological description of his state and behavior. Between the brief feeding periods the infant spends most of the time either in a sleeping or in a half-awake, dozing state of passivity with as yet little expression of even primi¬ tive affects or of perceptive and motor functions. Sleep is the state which we are accustomed to designate as a truly narcis¬ sistic situation. In “A Metapsychological Supplement to the Theory of Dreams” (1917a), Freud said: Somatically, sleep is an act which reproduces intra-uterine existence, fulfilling the conditions of repose, warmth and absence of stimulus: indeed, in sleeping, many people resume the foetal position. The feature characterizing the mind of a sleeping person is an almost complete with¬ drawal from the surrounding world and the cessation of all interest in it [pp. 137-138], [And, further on:] The narcissism of sleep does indeed signify the withdrawal of cathexis from all ideas of objects, both from the unconscious and the preconscious parts of them [p. 140].


The self and the object world.

We may now return to my previous statements suggesting that psychic life originates in physiological processes which are independent of external sensory stimulations. From birth on, however, the discharge processes expand with the open¬ ing up of biologically predetermined and preferred pathways for discharge in response to external stimulation. They lead at first only to primitive, patterned motor, species-specific (instinctive) reactions, and to pleasurable or unpleasurable sensory experiences which cannot yet be called feelings. Evi¬ dently these phenomena are no more than genetic fore¬ runners of the emotional and thought processes and of the complex functional activities whose development sets in with the beginning of ego formation. In fact, during the first infantile stages, the predominant expression of the child’s emotional and fantasy life is still “psychophysiological,” the so-called “affective organ language” which encompasses, how¬ ever, not only the “silent” inner physiological processes emphasized above but also visible vasomotor and secretory phenomena and manifestations in the realm of oral and excretory functions. I may point out that this affective organ language survives, to some extent, even in the emotional life of normal adults in anxiety states and in other manifestations of “resomatization” of affects (Schur, 1955). The foregoing considerations were intended to underline the correlation of the original psychoeconomic state and the earliest type of drive discharge within the self to the psycho- physiological forerunners of adult affective and ideational expression. The value of such considerations is proved by [in INFANTILE, PREOEDIPAL, AND OEDIPAlL PHASES observations on patients with psychosomatic diseases or psy¬ chotic disorders, which confirm these correlations. These two groups of disorders show what we call, albeit somewhat imprecisely, signs of severe narcissistic regression. With regard to psychosomatic patients we may, in the light of my proposition, speak of a pathological partial retrans¬ formation of ideational and emotional into somatic, physio¬ logical expressions, which are then perceived only as painful body sensations (Schur, 1955).


The self and the object world.

But for no good reason, he separates this feeling aspect entirely from the conceptual components of the self representations. 12 Fedem's (1952) assumption of an originally uniform ego feeling is noi contradicted by what I said above. As soon as the "I” experience arises, there may be a feeling awareness of the self as a whole, despite the fluidity and variety of self images. [ 20 ] NARCISSISM, MASOCHISM—CONCEPT OF SELF ment of self and object images further in connection with the problems of identity and identifications. At present it may suffice to point to the enormous and rather disruptive influences which the processes of infantile denial and repression exert upon the formation of our im¬ ages of the self and the object world. Since these images arise essentially from the memory traces of pleasurable and unpleasurable experiences and are only gradually linked up with and corrected by the perceptive memories which reflect reality, the cutting out of a considerable sector of unpleasur¬ able memories by infantile repression eliminates a large amount of unacceptable aspects of both the self and the out¬ side world. The defects caused by the work of repression may be filled in by screen elements, by distortions or embellish¬ ments produced by the elaborate maneuvers of the ego’s defense system. Moreover, to the extent to which the repressed fantasies that have remained cathected in the unconscious can find their way to the surface, they will lend the coloring of past infantile images to the self and object representations. The universal persistence in women of the unconscious fantasy that their genital is a castrated organ, frequently with simultaneous denial and the development of illusory penis fantasies, may best exemplify how far the impact of infantile emotional experiences prevents us from forming cor¬ rect body images. This is all the more true with regard to the image of our mental self, which arises only with the growing capacity for self awareness and introspection, i.e., with the capacity for perception, discrimination, and evalua¬ tion of our own feelings, thoughts, and actions.


The self and the object world.

Greenacre (1958) states that “Identity is closely related to identification, whether as an inner process of psychic development or an act of recognition by a human being toward an outer object, animate or inani¬ mate” (p. 613). Spiegel (1959) concentrates on the “frame of reference regarding internal states” and on the “pooling" (p. 99) of isolated self representations, ari issue definitely related to the synthetic aspects of identity formation that are stressed by Erikson. Spiegel describes disturbances in the self feeling and the related reality feelings arising from rapid changes of the ratio of single self representations to the whole self as frame of reference, or from oscillations between nar¬ cissistic and object cathexis, or else from oscillations of this very framework. In connection with this last point he refers to the relations between self feelings and identifications, without further discussion. To return once more to Erikson: he believes that “The final identity ... is superordinated to any single identifica¬ tion with individuals of the past” (1956, p. 112) and that “Identity formation . . . begins where the usefulness of identification ends” (p. 113). This drastic statement deserves thorough examination and clarification. It certainly shifts the emphasis from the infantile stage to the adolescent and post¬ adolescent period. Quite in contrast to Erikson, Lichtenstein (1961), in a fascinating paper on identity and sexuality, places the origin of identity formation back to the earliest [28] RECENT LITERATURE ON IDENTITY mother-child relationship. I must discuss at least some of the challenging ideas expressed in his comprehensive study. Like Eissler and Erikson, Lichtenstein emphasizes the experiences of continuity in the normal feeling of identity. Thus his concept of identity "characterizes the capacity to remain the same in the midst of change," while the sense of identity is the “consciousness of such continuity of sameness” (p. 193). His definitions show that he shares my main criti¬ cisms of Erikson’s ambiguous concept of ego identity, which fails to distinguish objective identity formation from the corresponding experience, and which, besides, restricts iden¬ tity formation to the ego alone.


The self and the object world.

Whenever he is fed by his mother or is physi¬ cally close to her body, his wishful fantasies of complete reunion with the mother by means of (oral and visual, respira¬ tory, skin) incorporation will be gratified. Hence, with the achievement of gratification, his images of the self and of the love object will temporarily merge, only to be severed again with the increase of instinctual needs and experiences of hunger, frustration, and real separation, which are apt to arouse aggressive and libidinal desires. Thus the hungry infant’s longing for fodd, libidinal grati¬ fications, and physical merging with the mother, which is the precursor of future object relations, is also the origin of the first, primitive type of identification, an identification achieved by refusion of self and object images. This refusion of self and object images will be accompanied by a temporary weakening of the perceptive functions and hence by a return from the level of beginning ego formation to an earlier, less differentiated state. This type of identification plays a preidominant role in the mental life of the baby throughout the preoedipal and early oedipal phase, and to some extent even later. In fact, it still finds its place within the mature psychic organization. I have referred above to the sexual experience in which the whole self seems to merge with the partner. I now wish to add that the adult ego will make extensive juse of introjective and projective mechanisms, based on such fusions between self and object images, for the special purpose of establishing feeling and fantasy identifications at any lcjvel, not only with our love objects but with our whole environment. Our sub¬ tle, empathic understanding of others, especially those we love, depends on such temporary—either short-lived or more lasting—identifications. However, such temporary fusions [ 40 ] FUSIONS OF SELF AND OBJECT IMAGES induced in the service of the ego do not normally weaken the boundaries between the images of self and objects, whereas in the early infantile stage such firm boundaries have not yet been established.


The self and the object world.

We may surmise that the child’s imitation of parental emotional expression arises on this basis and that early reciprocal affecto- motor identifications between mother and child precede and [ 42 ] FUSIONS OF SELF AND OBJECT IMAGES usher in the child’s imitations of the parents’ functional activities. The child's expanding motor activities, his learning to walk and to talk and to behave like the parents, his cleanli¬ ness training, which is expressive of a beginning instinctual control—all these accomplishments certainly mark the prog¬ ress of ego formation. But his playful imitations of what the parents do are at first only forerunners of true ego identifi¬ cations, just as his beginning reaction formations are but the precursors of superego formation. In fact, we must not speak of ego identifications before the child begins to develop ego attitudes and character traits taken over from the parents, and before he manifests true ego interests and practices meaningful ego functions guided by their example and their demands. In the beginning the baby’s imitations of the mother, of her gestures, her behavior, her actions, are indeed only formal “as if” activities without awareness of their meaning, founded merely on the close links of empathy with the mother. It is not yet their essential goal to achieve a real likeness to the love objects. At this stage the child is still apt to believe that imitating the mother, "playing mother,” means being or becoming the mother. Such magic, illusory fantasies indicate how much the child wants to maintain the mother as a part of himself and to adhere to the primitive aim of merging with her without distinction and consideration of the exter¬ nal and his own, inner reality. The main progress manifests itself in the child’s growing desire to achieve this goal no longer only through sensual gratifications and physical closeness with the love object but also by activity of his own.


The self and the object world.

Her concepts are all the more misleading, since she equates the “introjects” with the infantile superego. To begin with, the terms introjection and projection refer to psychic processes, as a result of which self images assume characteristics of object images and vice versa. The mecha¬ nisms of introjection and projection originate in early infan¬ tile incorporation and ejection fantasies and must be distinguished from them. They undergo elaborate vicissi¬ tudes, may be employed in the service of defense, and, in psychotics, are used for purposes of restitution. During the preoedipal-narcissistic stage, gross primitive [46] FUSIONS OF SELF AND OBJECT IMAGES introjective and projective mechanisms, in conjunction with pleasure-unpleasure and perceptive experiences, participate in the constitution of self and object images and, hence, of object relations. The small child’s limited capacity to distin¬ guish between the external and internal world, which is responsible for the weakness of the boundaries between self and object images and the drastic cathectic shifts between them, promotes the continuous operation of introjective and projective processes. Thus, it is quite true that during the first years of life the child’s self and object images still have more or less introjective and projective qualities. But the establishment of realistic object and self represen¬ tations rests increasingly on the maturation of perceptive and self-perceptive functions, i.e., on reality testing, at the expense of projective and introjective mechanisms. However, while becoming more and more subtle and refined, the latter continue to play an essential part in the processes of identifi¬ cation and in the advance from primitive fusions to those selective identifications on which infantile ego and superego development rests. Hence, in adult patients, we must not confuse transference processes based on displacement from one object image to another, such as from the mother onto the analyst, with pro¬ jections.


The self and the object world.

Freud, 1936), pave the way to these new processes of identification. In contrast to his magic fantasies of fusion and his primitive affective identifications and merely formal imitations, they have a meaningful content and a realistic aim. Such an aim can be reached by way of deep-seated modi¬ fications of the ego, which now really assumes certain char¬ acteristics of the admired object. This presupposes a new stage in the development of the self images: the distinction between realistic and wishful self [50] DISCOVERY OF ONE’S IDENTITY images. In fact, the ego cannot acquire a realistic likeness to the love object unless admired traits of this object become enduringly introjected into the child’s wishful self images. These wishful self images thus become expressive of both: of the child’s own ambitions, of his own strivings for narcissistic expansion and ego growth, and of admired char¬ acteristics of his love objects. In so far as the realistic self representations become a mirror of the ego, they now begin to reflect the traits actually taken over from the object of identification, so that a likeness between object and self images can now be experienced on a realistic basis. This new step in the development of the self images and the growing distinction between wishful and realistic images of the self are so meaningful because they are a prerequisite for the establishment of ego ideal and ego goals, i.e., of realistic goals regarding the future. This will be discussed below. But I may here emphasize that the growing distinction between wishful self images and realistic self representations has very significant implications regarding the development of the feelings of identity. Whereas the child’s wishful self images increasingly give him direction by pointing to potential changes in the future, his representations of the actual self point to his present state and to the past stages in his development.


Montana business & industrial location guide

Bureau o( Mines Water Montana is a headwaters state for two major river systems — the Columbia and the Missouri — and annually produces about 29.6 million acre-feet of water within its borders. The state's rivers and streams are fed largely by melting snow and spring rains. Natural stream flows peak in May and June, and some of the excess water is typically stored in private, municipal and industrial reservoirs for use during later, low-flow periods. Like all the western states, Montana's water users are governed by a "doctrine of prior appropriation," meaning users with an earlier right have precedence over users with a later right. Users are not entitled to water rights unless they put the water to beneficial use. About 95 % of current water use in Montana is for irrigation of farmland, with the balance going for thermo- electric power generation, industrial, commercial, residential and livestock purposes. Montana's water reservation system allows municipalities to reserve water for future use, which can include industrial use. The State of Montana is implementing aggressive new legislation initiated by Governor Schwinden for the development and storage of Montana's water resources. Most areas of Montana have adequate or abundant surface or ground water for future industrial growth. There are some constraints, however, including low-flow periods and existing rights on certain rivers and reservations for in-stream flow on the Yellowstone River, a major tributary of the Missouri. State resource officials can advise potential users on water availability in various parts of the state. Water from Montana's snow-fed rivers and streams is a significant natural resource, well- managed for agricultural and industrial use. vha:^.' Land The nation's fourth largest state, Montana is a land of vast and varied dimensions — 500 miles long and 300 miles wide, with a land area of 93,157,952 acres. The eastern two-thirds of the state consists of plains broken by occasional mountain ranges.


Montana legislators are striving to create a favorable financial environment for business. During the 1981 legislative session alone, Montana lawmakers repealed the inventory tax, increased small- business investment tax credit by 50%, and cut red tape by creating a small-business licensing center. In financial and investment circles, Montana stands out as a good risk. In 1981, when Moody's Investors Service refined its rating system, only two states — Montana and New Mexico — were upgraded. Montana's rating advanced from Aa to Aa-1. The upgraded rating reflects the state's growing mineral resources, conservative debt and financial policies, and low debt burden. In the 1980 COSMA report on Manufacturing Business Climates in the 48 contiguous states, Montana ranked 8th lowest in state debt per capita, and 9th lowest in percentage change in state and local taxes per capita. Many sources of financing are available to business and industry locating in Montana. Sources of Industrial Financing Industrial Revenue Bonds At least $250 million in Industrial Revenue Bonds have been issued since Montana's Industrial Revenue Bond Act was declared constitutional in 1970. Local governing bodies are almost universally willing to issue revenue bonds if the project will provide jobs for the community. Industrial Revenue Bonds may be issued to buy land, construct buildings and purchase equipment for a variety of new or expanding industrial projects, including manufacturing, commercial and agricultural enterprises, recreation or tourist facilities, medical and governmental structures and multi- family housing. Interest earned on the bonds is exempt from both state and federal taxes when the bonds are sold in compliance with IRS regulations. Investment Banking Firms The state's investment banking firms are involved in developing capital for business and industry through underwriting Industrial Revenue Bonds, corporate bonds, and raising equity capital through stock issues and other innovative means of financing. One of the nation's leading regional investment banking firms is headquartered in Montana, offering new and expanding businesses a thorough knowledge of the region together with a willingness to handle smaller issues.


Industrial Tax Incentives The following is a general outline of taxes and industrial tax incentives in the State of Montana. It should not be considered a substitute for the actual tax laws. Complete information on taxes and incentives that apply to your business may be obtained by contacting the Montana Department of Commerce. Property Tax Reductions Subject to the approval of the local governing body, new or expanding industries may receive a 50% or a 73% reduction in property taxes. The 50% reduction applies to the first five years after construction permits are issued on In recent years, Montana has aggressively redesigned its tax structure to attract new employers. improvements to real property. The percentage increases by 10% annually after the 5th year until the full taxable values are attained in the 10th year. The 73% property tax reduction applies only to new manufacturing industries, and is effective during each of their first three years of operation in the state. No Inventory Tax Business inventories of individuals and corporations are exempt from property taxes. No Use Tax Montana has no use tax on the purchase of equipment, and no general sales tax. Corporate License Tax Credit New and expanding industries engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products are eligible for a 1% corporate license income tax credit in each of their first three years of operation. The credit is based upon total new wages paid, and for labor-intensive firms, virtually eliminates the Corporate License Tax. Mill Levy Funding A one-mill levy is authorized for purposes of economic development within any Montana city, county or town, if approved by local voters. These funds may be used for developing industrial parks, buildings to house manufacturing operations, feasibility studies, and other activities associated with economic development. Investment Tax Credit Individuals and corporations that qualify as "small business corporations" may use 30% of their Federal Investment Tax Credit as a credit against state income tax liability or corporation license tax liability.


Midlander

When a friend of a friend suggested I go out with Dana, I thought to myself, 'Hey, why not? What have I got to lose?' As it turned out, just about everything. First of all, when we talked on the phone Thursday to set up the date for Friday, I got real ex- cited. She sounded nice and we had a mutual interest in art. So we decided to go out to dinner and see an art exhibit. She told me to pick her up at 6:00 and that's where the problem start- ed. See, I didn't have any wheels so 1 had to borrow some guy's car. She didn't seem real thrilled when I pulled up, but when 1 told her we were going to the 101st she perked up. However, after we ate and I discovered that I didn't have enough cash to pay, her nagging started. Is it really my fault she's such a pig that she ate so much and ran up the tab? She didn't have enough money either, so we had to wash dishes. I was seeing this as an adven- ture, but all she did was whine. You would have thought the world was about to end when she broke a nail. 1 told her that it wasn't a big deal, she could just go out and buy another one. Then she really blew a gasket! I finally got her calmed down in the car after 1 apologized for the millionth time. I told her that we could go seen an art exhibit, and she settled down into a sulky si- lence. That's when I headed straight on over to The Classic Cat. Before I even found a park- ing spot she was complaining again. 'I thought we were sup- posed to see some art,' she yelled.