Tin- openings are long, narrow and flush with the wall. The balconies overlooking the courtyard appear as lightweight elements. On the ground floor the conference-hall volume juts out over the courtyard like a fan being opened. The main stairway rests on it and follows the same unfolding rhythm. The gesture is completed by the forceful and sharp-ended prismatic volume which contains the common stairs. Lastly, a third element makes its ap- pearance: the metal structure, paint- ed white, that supports the win- dowed skylight covering the court- yard. This tectonic element throws the stereotomic stone box containing it into relief. The white structure of telescopic pillars and delicate trian- gular trusses has a i win function: on the one hand it serves as an effective architectonic device for making the light shimmer where the two inter- sect, thus lending it material form. On the other, the compositional axis formed by the main facade and the huge entrance arch is turned through ninety degrees, ordering the space longitudinally by means of the pil- lars. positional drawing, modeli the neu w plans of second, fust and ground floors, "ml "'" rebuilt original facade. The central courtyard crossi d by tin- stahivay, detaM of balcony (i mi metal roof supported by pillars, and cutaway axonorru ofcourtyaaxL 113 Cultural center, Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid, 1992 The site, alongside the former high- way t<> .Madrid and with a previously adapted space, is defined on its other three sides by a number of not very in- teresting apartment blocks. The solution is a stone box whose trapezoidal ground plan follows the layout of the site. A robust and heavy 'stereotomic' box, then, of gray gran- ite. On the inside, with a reduced floor- plan, and sticking out above so as to catch the light from on high, a light- weight and 'tectonic", white cubic box forming the geometric and conceptual center of the proposed system, and perforated all over like a piece of gruyere cheese.


Alberto Campo Baeza : works and projects

Our proposal was for a •belvedere' beside the canal. A rock be- side the water, hollowed OUt inside and carved outside. On the inside, enclosed within the rock like a treasure, a series of acoustically well-appointed spaces - a concert hall, I he ( Jopenhagen Philharmonic Hall, an auditorium - in which to hear and take in the music. On the outside, set down mi the nick like a 'belvedere', a series of visually well-sited spaces - a central square, a restaurant, a library - from which to see and take in the landscape. Perfect- ly protected within a class box. The huge carved rock would be el' stone, sawcut light-gray granite, sup- ported en a strong monolithic struc- ture of reinforced concrete. The musi- cal boxes hollowed out inside would be finished in Danish beech wood. The glass box would lie made using a pre- cise lightweight structure of steel, plus glass. A rock hollowed out to acoustically safeguard and isolate those musical boxes, ami carved to visually enhance and underscore the very beautiful landscape of Copenhagen. An architec- ture with the strength simplicity brings. With the elegance sobriety confers 116 lect's sketcttes, and cutaway First-jloorp mid tin- model seen from above, 117 Public housing, Ibiza, 1994 /'. ,.--/» ctivi shouting light tory, plans of ground and first flows, arid longitudinal ■■■ of a fmcsing unit. This involved ;i competition for 40 pub- lic housing units in Ibiza. on an irregu- lar city lot and with various planning regulations As the design brief put it. the apart- ments were intended to engage with the following factors: expertise, con- structional simplicity, maximum priva- ffective control of the light, clarity and flexibility. All this in a functional 90 nv that again offered, in purer form this time, a diagonal space with diago- nal light in the main room, plus an ad- joining private patio.


Radio Shack Hardware Manual: Color Computer Operation Manual (1980)(Tandy)

Antenna Connection You need to route your television's VHF antenna through the Antenna Switchbox. If there are wires presently connected to the VHF terminals on your TV set, disconnect them. What you do next depends upon the type of antenna installation you have. Read the following paragraphs and study Figures 2 through 6 to decide which installation you have. Connection to a TV with a 75-Ohm Coaxial Lead-in and Matching Transformer (Figure 6) Connect the short twin-lead from the transformer to the screw terminals on the Antenna Switchbox. Connect the short twin-lead from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV's "VHF" screw terminals. Connection to a TV with Screw Terminals and an Internal Antenna (Figure 2) Connect the internal antenna leads to the terminals labeled "CON- NECT TO ANTENNA" on the Antenna Switchbox. Then connect the short twin-lead from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV's "VHF" screw terminals. Connection to a TV with Twin-Lead and External vr "Rabbit Ears" Antenna (Figures 3 and 4) Connect the lead-in from your antenna to the terminals labeled "CONNECT TO ANTENNA" on the Antenna Switchbox, Connect the short twin-lead from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV's "VHF" screw terminals. Connection to a TV with a 75-Ohm Coaxial Lead-in (Figure 5) You will need to obtain a special 75-ohm to 300-ohm matching transformer such as Radio Shack's Catalog Number 15-1140, Con- nect your coaxial cable lead-in to the transformer and connect the transformer's twin-lead to the screw terminals on the Antenna Switchbox. Next move the slider to the "closed" position. Connect the short twin lead from the Antenna Switchbox to your TV's "VHF" screw terminals. Before Internal Antenna Twin-Lead To Computer Figure 2. Rear View of TV with Screw Terminals and Inter- nal Antenna. ¥ Before 3 After To Computer To Computer Figure 3. Rear View of TV with Twin-Lead and an External Antenna.


These are nominally defined as: Black, Green, Yellow, Blue, Red, Buff, Cyan, Magenta, and Orange, However, the actual color tones produced by your set, and the degree of difference between tones, will depend on the quality and color adjustment of your television set— not on the Computer. If you are using a plug-in ROM cartridge, the color will be deter- mined by the cartridge program. If you are using the built-in COLOR BASIC language, you can choose the colors that appear on the screen. If you are using COLOR BASIC, the display will normally be green with black characters (although the lowercase mode inverts this by displaying green characters on a black background. See Using the Keyboard later in this manual). COLOR BASIC also displays a blinking "cursor' colors throughout the available spectrum. which changes (Note: The following is an example of simple programming. For further examples of programs which display color as well as sound, see Troubleshooting and Maintenance. For more information on programming in general, refer to Getting Started with TRS-80 COLOR BASIC) To control the background color of the television display, type in a "command" like this: CLS code (HUE) Code For This Color Black 1 Green 2 Yellow 3 Blue 4 Red 5 Buff 6 Cyan 7 Magenta 8 Orange For example, type: CLS 3 (ENTER) for a blue background. Whenever the screen is cleared (by pressing (CLEAR) ) the display will automatically revert to green no matter what background color was previously displayed. To help you adjust the color and alignment of your television set, we've included two test programs in the Troubleshooting and Maintenance chapter. 16 Sound TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER BASIC will also control the sound com- ing from your televion's speaker. The sound volume can be deter- mined manually by the volume setting on your television and "automatically" by the cartridge program; the. sound quality (pitch, timbre, and duration) is determined by the Computer.


The molecular level design of fire retardants and suppressants

Lyon and from the Industrial Consortium for Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants. The author is grateful to Dr. Wing Tsang (NIST) for suggesting the kinetic study of pentyl radical. Abstract The various methods that comprise the field of molecular modeling are reviewed in the context of their potential for application to the molecular level design of new fire retardants and suppressants. The capabilities of these techniques are demonstrated by performing calculations on systems ranging in molecular complexity from small gas phase molecules to polymers. As a consequence of its fundamental basis, molecular modeling can be used to predict the properties of new materials in ways that macroscopic models cannot and, thereby, offers an unrivaled potential for computer aided molecular design. Unfortunately, the amount of computational effort required to obtain this level detail currently restricts the domain of these calculations to infinitesimal scales of time and distance, which limits their application to model systems. These boundaries, however, are receding as advances in computer technology enable calculations on increasingly more complex systems. Based on the rapid pace of the progress attained so far, it seems likely that molecular modeling will soon become an integral part of industrial research and development programs in materials flammability. The purpose of this chapter is, therefore, to provide a meaningful introduction to the field with an emphasis on how these teqhniques can be applied to the design and development of fire retardants and suppressants. IV 1 Introduction The flammability of materials is an important concern that must addressed before they can be used in buildings, ships, aircraft and clothing. However, the present generation of fire retardant additives and fire resistant polymers has come under increasing public scrutiny because of the perception that they may contribute to environmental problems [1,2]. Some materials, more specifically those containing chlorinated or brominated additives and polymers, have been implicated in studies that suggest that they contribute to the formation of dioxins and furans during incineration [2].


On the other hand, the implementation of kinetic and/or transport models requires specific information about reaction mechanisms, rate constants, and viscosities that are not generally available. This is especially true when the purpose of the investigation is to predict the properties of hypothetical materials, for which there are no experimental data. Furthermore, the capability to examine a process at a molecular level can provide the basis for a deeper understanding of the operant mechanisms. As a consequence of this generality, molecular modeling can be used to predict the properties of new materials in ways that macroscopic models cannot, and thereby offers an unrivaled potential for computer-aided molecular design. On the other 1 hand, the capability to study structure and reactivity at the molecular level of detail does not come without cost. The computational effort involved in performing simulations on polymers can be prohibitive and often restricts the scope of the investigation to infinitesimal times and distances, which may not always provide an adequate representation of the processes of interest. For this reason, molecular modeling is, at least for the time being, a complementary approach that must be combined with experimental measurements and macroscopic modeling to provide a complete picture of polymer flammability and fire resistance. In this chapter, the various methods that comprise the field of molecular modeling will be reviewed and the viability of using these techniques to identify factors which alter the thermal degradation chemistries of polymers in ways that effect a reduction in their flammability will be assessed. The purview of this exposition will be extended to include consideration of quantum mechanical calculations performed on a series of small gas phase molecules that were advanced as candidates for the replacement of halon fire extinguishants [12]. These calculations were performed to assess the potential environmental impacts of these chemicals.


Thus, despite the mathematical rigor inherent in the formulation of the theory, the implementation of molecular quantum mechanics almost always involves approximations. The accuracy of the energy and other molecular properties are determined by the completeness of the basis sets used in the expansion of the wavefunction. This is a two-fold problem. The many-body basis functions in the Cl expansion of the wavefunction presented in Eq.( 3 ), are products of one-body functions (orbitals) which are also expanded in a basis set. The level of accuracy obtained from a quantum mechanical calculation is dependent on the size and quality of both the Cl and orbital basis sets. Thus, an increase in accuracy can only be attained at the expense of a concomitant increase in computer time. Indeed, the computational effort involved in performing a full Cl expansion, which in principle is the exact solution of the Schrodinger equation in the space spanned by the basis set, increases as the number of one-electron basis functions (NBF) to the number of electrons (n) power. Recent advances in computer technology and in the development of approximate methods, however, have now made it possible to calculate the properties of small gas phase molecules, some of which are of major importance to the chemical industry, to chemical accuracy. This assertion will be supported using examples of bond energy calculations to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of candidate compounds for the replacement of halon fire extinguishants in the following section. Based on the analysis presented in the preceding paragraph, it may be inferred that the limiting factor in the application of molecular quantum mechanics is the number of electrons in the molecule. Not surprisingly, the larger the molecule the more computer time is required for the calculation. At the time of this writing, it is exceedingly difficult to obtain chemically accurate information for molecules that contain more than about 10 carbon atoms [16].


When transformed to Hamiltonian form, Eq.( 7 ) becomes 4 (8) dH _ dq. ^ p. dt dH _ dp^ d dt The classical Hamiltonian is obtained by replacing the derivative terms in the quantum mechanical operator by the classical formula for the kinetic energies of the nuclei. This result is given in Eq.( 9 ). 3N H m, (9) The next step in the simplification of the problem is to represent the electronic energy by introducing functions that account for the potential energy associated with the relative motions of the atomic centers. In the parlance of molecular modeling, these functions are collectively referred to as a forcefield. The source of this misnomer is that the forces that affect the motion of the atoms are calculated as the negative of the gradient of these functions, as indicated in Eq.( 7 ). The forcefield is parameterized using data obtained from experimental, measurements and/or quantum mechanical calculations on representative compounds [17]. In principle, the result of this process is a generic potential energy function that can be used to describe an entire class of compounds. There are several types of calculations that are routinely performed using forcefields. Molecular mechanics is one of these. The objective of these calculations is usually to determine the geometry of a molecule by finding the coordinates that correspond to the minimum potential energy at absolute zero. The effect of temperature is taken into account in molecular dynamics, which consists of solving the equations of motion that are represented in Eq.( 7 ), or equivalently, in Eq.( 8 ). Yet another type of calculation that is frequently used in conjunction with forcefields is the Monte Carlo method. This is a statistical approach, whereby the equilibrium properties of molecules, which correspond to ensemble averages, can be computed by sampling the conformational space. The relative importance of a random change in molecular geometry is commonly determined by the criterion proposed by Metropolis et al. [18].


Periodic display of the model polypropylene/graphite nanocomposite. retained their shape longer than the polymers in the non-interacting mixtures with the same densities. The most obvious difference was that the fragments generated by the degradation of the model polymer in the nanocomposites had a pronounced tendency to collide with the graphite and bounce back into the central unit cell where they could undergo recombination reactions with other free radical polymer fragments, rather than escape from the melt as combustible fuel. The observation that the thermal stability of the polymer increases when it is intercalated but is not affected by the presence of the graphite when the layers delaminate is consistent with thermogravimetric data that indicate that intercalated nanocomposites are more thermally stable than delaminated nanocomposites [48,49]. Indeed, Gilman et. al. noted that the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves obtained from the delaminated nylon-6/clay nanocomposites are almost identical to the values corresponding to pure nylon-6, whereas the peaks in the DTG of intercalated polystyrene/clay nanocomposites are shifted by 50 from the pure polymer [49]. The fact that the delaminated nylon-6/clay nanocomposites exhibit a reduction in flammability comparable to what is observed for the intercalated nanocomposites, even though the DTG results indicate that polymers are not stabilized when present in delaminated nanocomposites, suggests the possibility that the clay layers reorganize after some of the polymer is gasified. That is, the nanocomposite undergoes a phase change from a delaminated to an intercalated structure as a result of the change in composition brought 25 about by the thermal degradation of the polymer. Once the intercalated nanocomposite is formed, it is stabilized by the mechanism discussed in the preceding paragraphs. This hypothesis is supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the char that remained after burning samples of the delaminated nylon-6/clay nanocomposites under a thermal flux of 35 kW/m^ on the cone calorimeter.


The TEM images clearly reveal an organized layered structure that was not present prior to combustion [48,49]. Time Averaged Rate of Mass Loss distance between graphite layers (nm) Figure 11. The average rates of mass loss from the nanocomposites (open circles) and non-interacting mixtures (closed circles) of the polymer and graphite as a function of the distance between the graphite sheets. 3,2d Bromine- Containing Fire Retardant Additives A series of computer simulations were performed on polypropylene in the presence of some representative bromine-containing fire retardants. These included an aromatic compound, decabromobiphenyl, and two aliphatic hydrocarbons, tetrabromoethylene and a vinyl bromide oligomer. The purpose of this study was to make a qualitative comparison of the thermal degradation products and, thereby, to gain further insights into the nature of the mechanisms by which these additives affect a reduction in the flammability of the polymer. The procedures followed in this study were the same as described above in the 26 case of the silica gel additives, except that all of the degrees of freedom, including the atoms that comprised the additives, were dynamic. Bromine, in the form of Br, Br2, and small gas phase hydrocarbons, was released early in the simulations. These products are apparent in Figure 12, which is a still frame from the simulated thermal degradation of a polypropylene blend containing both decabrombiphenyl and vinyl bromide oligomer. Additional simulations performed on the additives in the absence of the polymer indicated that Br2, as opposed to HBr, is a major product of the thermal degradation of both decabromobiphenyl and tetrabromoethylene. This is in sharp contrast to what we observed in the simulated thermal degradation of the vinyl bromide oligomers. In this case, which should be representative of the general class of alkyl bromides, the major products were monomer and HBr. Large amounts of atomic Br were also released, but the formation of molecular Br in the form of Br2 was not observed.


Crist - A CURRICULUM RESOURCE MODEL FO

V ABSTRACT The basic thrust of the Professional Project is to provide a resource model for junior high camping in which the major theme is Paul’s concept of the church as the body of Christ. The first chapter deals with the particular perspective from which I write and concerns how one becomes Christian and the nature of conversion. Also in this section is a delineation of the developmental tasks of junior highs in the areas of biological changes, psychological and social tasks and cognitive development. The overall concern is the transitory nature of junior highs. In Chapter II, I characterize the junior high person as a searcher. Their main task both developmentally and in the church as the body of Christ is to search. The adult role in relation to junior highs is to facilitate their search. The framework that I have developed in understanding Paul's concept of the church as the body of Christ is this: that Paul's un¬ derstanding is rooted in the Gospel, i.e. the kerygma. The Gospel can be appropriately appreciated in the categories of incarnation, cruci¬ fixion, and resurrection. It is from this point of reference, the Gospel, that Paul develops a sense of being for the church. The cate¬ gories of Sacrament, Celebration, and Teaching all instruct us in an understanding of the body of Christ as the church. This particular section was designed for counselors of junior high camp. This is not a curricular resource, but a resource for counselors. It is intended to provide information to help mature and develop their vision of the Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. church as the body of Christ. Then with their own individualized and unique resources they can transmit and translate their own vision which has been developed and matured.


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Do we participate in it? The message of Christianity is not Christianity, but a New Reality. A New State of Things has appeared, it still appears; it is hidden and visible, it is there and it is here. Accept it, enter into it, let it grasp you. 8 Experience informed by data in the process of nurture has the poten¬ tial for bringing about integration or conversion. This is the basic foundation from which I develop curricula. Junior High Development Now that I have briefly placed myself in theological perspec¬ tive, I think it is important that I share with you where junior highs ^Ibid., p. 102. ^Tillich, p. 24. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 7 are in light of recent scholarship. These young teenagers are in a period of transition; they are developing a new awareness of their body and its function, new modes of social behavior, experiencing psychological development, new cognitive understanding and new cate¬ gories for faith. Rather than understand this time of transition as abnormal, young teenagers need to be treated as normal humans going through normal periods in their life. Because junior high youths are moving so rapidly from stage to stage in their development, they need the support, encouragement, and sensitive guidance of adults who won't panic when things be¬ come confusing or disorganized .... Junior highs respond best when adults treat them as persons undergoing normal growth and development "Normal growth and development" is different for each and every person, including junior highs. But there have been such per¬ sons as Erikson, Piaget, Goldman, Kohlberg, and Fowler who have tried to help us understand "Normal growth and development" in more meaning¬ ful categories. Each of these persons has delineated a developmental scale which persons travel through during their journey of growth.


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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 18 period of transition in their physical, psychological, social and cognitive development. In each area they are going through some very specific changes. These areas have been researched and in each case the crisis of identity is at the root of the change. Up to this point in their lives the main portion of their identity has come from others. Parents, extended family, other children, and to some extent the media have all placed upon them their own contrived sense of identity, what they would like junior highs to be. As they begin adolescence, the picture is changed. They begin to look at adults as models. In ad¬ olescence they begin to take the initiative. They become imitators of adult models in search of their own unique identity. "They are some¬ times morbidly, often curiously, preoccupied with what they appear to be in the eyes of others." It is in the midst of these changes, physical, psychological, social and cognitive and their transitori¬ ness, that they are searching for someone or something to be true to, to have faith in. Erikson terms this fidelity. As to youth and the question of what is in the center of its most passionate and most erratic striving, I have concluded that fi¬ delity is the vital strength which it needs to have an opportunity to develop, to employ, to evoke—and to die for.^ Fidelity is at the core of adolescents' being. It provides the ego strength necessary to traverse this period in their lives. They are searching but in their search they need a base to come back As we have indicated, fidelity is that virtue and quality of adolescent ego strength which belongs to man's evolutionary 'Ibid., p. 128. f Ibid., p. 255.


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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 30 The essential character of the kerygma, as I understand it, is Jesus Christ through whom God has acted for our redemption, and who was a person who lived in the midst of history to give all of his¬ tory meaning and purpose. And we can find this in the proclamation of church. The fact that the kerygma is as simple as Jesus Christ adds difficulty to the problem of understanding it in any systematic or logical manner. This particular schemata that I offer is tentative at best, and I heed Barclay's advice when he states: In the highest possible sense, and not in any time-serving sense, Paul's theology was an adaptable theology. It was always deepen¬ ing and developing and widening to meet the new situations which the life of the growing Church brought to him. That is why it is not possible to make a neat pattern of Paul's thinking about Je¬ sus, for as the years went on Jesus became ever more wonderful to Paul.15 In the kerygma or myth I think we have the foundation from which Paul understands the body of Christ as the church. The kerygma has as basic elements the death (which includes life), burial and res¬ urrection of Jesus the Christ. It is from this understanding of kerygma that Sacrament, Celebration, and Teaching can be understood. From the kerygma comes the need to re-present these events, the death, burial, resurrection, of Christ's life (Sacrament) and from this comes the need to concretize these events in worship that all can partici¬ pate in. Finally, as a result of Kerygma, Sacrament, and Worship, we find the necessity to tell of our experience (Teaching). 15 Ibid., p. 55. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.


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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 32 18 means, for the purpose of this discussion sacrament is understood as essential events in Christ's life, which are re-presented in the con¬ text of a worship experience. This helps us to see that the gospel, the word of God, is not to be identified with a particular set of sermons; the word of God is the act of God, re-enacted in the worshiping life of the church. Baptism, like the Lord's Supper, is also a dramatic event of salvation, through it the Christian is united with the death and resurrection of Christ, and to the observer, this ancient ritual of immersion in water was a representation of the Christ who was crucified, buried, and raised (Romans 6:3-11).^ Baptism . Baptism as a re-presentation is a sacrament. I think that Paul, in discussing baptism with his contemporaries made the assumption that this act was not something they were unfamiliar with. The act of baptism was not something he concocted himself. At the very least he was relying on the baptism of Jesus by John, if not other historical traditions. And since the kerygma is based on the person Jesus the Christ, the act of Jesus' baptism is also very im¬ portant for our consideration. "The Christian rite was a distinctive one by reason of its connection with the kerygma."^ He [Paul] was no inventor, but displayed in many ways a depen¬ dence upon the teaching which earlier Christian preachers had delivered to the members of the Churches to which he wrote (Romans 6:17) (Romans 6:8). He assumes that baptism for them all without apparent exception will be a familiar Church practice and experi¬ ence .... At least this fact is common to both writer and 18 "There is a dispute as to whether the word 'sacrament' can be used at all to describe the significance of baptism and eucharist in Paul . . . ." Hans Conzelmann, An Outline of the Theology of the New Testament (New York: Harper $ Row, 1969), p. 269. •^Baird, Paul's, p. 91. 20price, p. 154.


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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 35 not a concept that those to whom Paul was writing were unfamiliar. Secondly, Paul is not an innovator, but developed and matured the whole concept of the Lord's Supper. Third, the Lord's Supper was a very significant and distinctive event in the life of Christ; and with its re-presentation in the context of worship, it takes on a sac¬ ramental character as I have described it. Past, present, and future are thus gathered up in one sacred and joyful festival of the Lord's Table in the Apostolic practice and teaching. Indeed, in this Sacrament the whole of what one re¬ ligion means is expressed; for one Lord Jesus Christ, incarnate, atoning and triumphant, is the sum and substance of it all.26 There is a school of thought that interprets the Lord's Supper as parallel to the Passover meal. Paul seems to have in view the purpose of the bread and wine as signifying to the Christian what the Passover dishes mean to the Jew. As we have seen, we are to understand the latter as the means by which the Jew is taken back in dynamic fashion and made to relive the experience of his forbears in the land of Egypt. By the same token, the Christian is to look upon the elements as taking him back to the scenes of his redemption, as leading him to receive again the benefits of his Lord's passion, and as rep¬ resenting his response to that love which bore the Cross.^ This is a beautiful and logical way to understand the Lord's Supper. The historical illusions would provide many opportunities for extrapo¬ lation. But the end result would leave us with a real sense of in¬ completeness. I think Paul may very well have had this in the back of his mind when writing to the Corinthians.


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As I stated earlier, this is a starting point. I think Paul matured and developed this understanding by pointing beyond sacrifice to participation. Hans Conzelmann believes that those who eat of the bread and drink of the cup become part of the body of Christ, with the body of Christ identified as the church. 31 Conzelmann, Commentary , p. 172. •^Ridderbos, p. 417. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 38 Paul takes up the notion of Bread/Body, because he has the thought of the body of Christ in mind. "Body" as a designation of the church is not meant figuratively, but in the proper sense: the church is not "like" a body, but is "the" body of Christ. The sacramental participation in Christ's body makes us into the body of Christ. The unity that comes by celebrating in the participation of the Lord's Supper is felt in two arenas, first with Jesus the Christ and second with our fellow man. And once we have made this commitment it can be made no where else. In the Supper, therefore, the foundations of the Church are laid bare. The Supper is no personal affair between the individual believer and Christ. It is the covenant meal, the congregational meal par excellence . And it points to the sacrifice made by Christ, the reconciliation that has taken place in his blood, as the only ground of this communion between God and his people and of the unity of the Church. Only in the eating of the body then understood and in the drinking of this cup representing the recon¬ ciling power of his blood is the church one. In that sense, therefore, the Supper is the foundation and criterion for the unity of the Church as the new people of God.34 In summary then we see that in baptism and participation in the Lord’s Supper we commit ourselves to, become part of, and feel at one with, the body of Christ understood as the church.


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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 43 nature, the church as the body of Christ is ever-changing. Paul's un¬ derstanding was a dynamic, creative approach which by necessity called for adaptability. There is within everyone that particular understand- ing of the church as the body of Christ which is unique. Therefore, this particular framework, as I have chosen to develop, is in reality unique to me; but if it helps anyone else to understand the church as the body of Christ, then praise be to God who through Jesus Christ makes us one in the Spirit. 2. As I stated earlier, I think there is a logical progres¬ sion of thought in this framework that may give us a glimpse at the whole. Each particular step, the Gospel, Sacrament, Celebration, and Teaching, if viewed by itself would lend little to the enrichment of thought concerning the body of Christ as the church. After investi¬ gation of each component, considering it in light of the previous one and the one to follow, we can begin to build a vision, which is greater that all of its parts. It points us in a direction of excitement. It inspires us to a vision of the church which is beyond that which we already have. One of the reasons for Paul's adaptable theology, the need to understand what he is doing as developing and maturing, is that he had a vision and found it hard to express in terms that all might understand and still do justice to it. 3. Finally, this vision needs to be shared. The whole pur¬ pose of doing this particular project is to share it, specifically with junior highs. The material in Chapter 1 dealt with junior high development. The material in Chatper 2 dealt with junior highs and the body of Christ.


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In many regions and districts the particular camp site is predetermined by ownership. If this is the case, then the only al¬ ternative is to work with what is available and maximize the possibil¬ ities. If there is an opportunity for choice, there are several as¬ pects to consider. First, the anticipated number of participants needs to be known as this will be a determining factor. Along this same line will be the anticipated cost both for the participant and the use of the camp, plus subsidizing, if any. Assuming that the camp is based on small groups, based on our investigations into the nature of junior highs, the next major con¬ sideration is the actual physical setting and arrangement of the camp. Does the camp setting lend itself to a greater appreciation of the outdoors? Is there sufficient opportunity to experience God's cre¬ ation? Is the camp arranged so that the total group will have space Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 55 to work, play and worship together? Are the dining facilities such that groups may eat together? These are just a few questions to help understand the nature of the task in choosing and utilizing a site. In light of the material to be used, there is one more important ques¬ tion of site that must be asked. Does the camp aesthetically and physically lend itself to a sense of feeling like the church as the body of Christ? Planning camp then is a critical issue, one that deserves a lot of time and care. Camps that are well planned demonstrate it by providing an experience that is meaningful for those who attend. Camp During the planning stages of a camp the concern of schedule will have to be dealt with in a meaningful way.


Crist - A CURRICULUM RESOURCE MODEL FO

Every camp will have a different scheduling pattern. There are, however, general considerations that need to be understood. Every camp will have a predetermined get-up and go-to-bed time, meals will be the same, there will be time for small group study, time for recreation, time for rest, time for devotions, time for worship, time for crafts, time for the total group, and time to be free. These will be a part of all camps in some fashion. As you may notice these par¬ ticular events all revolve around a group. It is important that we have at least a basic understanding of the types of groups that are evident in a camp setting. There are essentially four types of groups in a camp setting: Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 56 the total group, the primary group, the secondary group, and the spontaneous group. Examples of these groups would be: total group-- organized evening recreation; primary group—the small group everyone is assigned to; secondary group--a volleyball team; and finally the spontaneous group—the friendships that develop apart from any organ¬ ized activity. These groupings are an indispensable part of any camp. There¬ fore in light of scheduling, there are certain questions that must be asked about each of these groups if they are to be effective. In the final analysis these groups will provide a barometer for the camp ex¬ perience. The questions to be asked of groups are these: What is the purpose of this group? What kind of action does it represent? What skills are needed to make this group happen? An important part of the scheduling process is the consider¬ ation of these groups. The process of scheduling is primarily the scheduling of particular groups at particular times.


Providence Rule Book

She would have welcomed his advice in recent years when she desperately needed his counsel. It was her only regret. Behind the closed doors of her chambers, Caiylus was simply that, Caiylus. Here she was not the leader of the Alliance of Kings. Here she could be whomever she wished, Caiylus the woman, Caiylus the philosopher, Caiylus the warrior, Caiylus the little girl) who missed her more innocent beginnings. Her symbol of rule, the crown of regency, was not set upon her black hair, but rested lightly in her hands. The weight of Providence seemed trapped in that frail bauble; removing it did much to ease her heart and soul. As she held the thin crown, she twirled it lightly between her fingers, treating the symbol of her station with frivolous disrespect. It was a nervous habit, indicative of her current mood, If that habit had been known, however, it would have scandalized the royal courts. Regent Caiylus was a woman of noble bearing. She looked like a strong mother, one who stood firm against the onslaught of years, but someone whose sad but kind eyes revealed the wisdom that came with age. Her black hair seemed all the darker for the faint wisps of white that ran their course down her braided tresses. Her white wings, decorated with coloured string and precious stones, added to her noble demeanour. Nobody could accuse her of weakness. Caiylus was of Troupial Eagle, a race of warriors. Those who were not strong in combat were still resolute in ~. spirit or commanding with words. She was all three. Despite the magnificent view that graced her eyes, Caiylus was lost in her memories, trying not to think of She stood upon a railed marble platform that extended over the spire city of Cliff-Spider. The balcony easily dwarfed most of the homes dotting the distant landscape below.


Providence Rule Book

Her chamber was at least half a mile above the surrounding countryside, offering her a perfect vantage point to view the rest of the world. Providence is trapped inside a bubble world which is surrounded by rock. This does not stop the lush verdant jungles and crystal blue lakes from spreading across its interior. There are four towers of rock, one of which contains the city of Cliff-Spider. These immense arches extend for hundreds of miles and touch the stone and jungle sky like remote fingers. One spire, the Great Bridge, rises to the very centre of the sky, piercing the sun. Legends claim that the Great Bridge anchors the sun to the world. How the sun came to be here, in this hollow sphere, is the source of legends that do not seem to trouble the small orb of light and heat. It faithfully pulses through cycles of night and day, waning to dusk, waxing to dawn. Caiylus continued to watch the jungle, wondering how many eyes stared back at her. When her race first came through the gates to this world nearly two thousand years ago, they did not know that other races made their homes here. Eventually, they discovered each of the four races they called the Lost Tribes. First were the Swarm Dancers, a tribe of insect-like humanoids. The Swarm Dancers possessed a hive-like mentality that often made them alien even to the other Lost Tribes. They were allied with the Alliance of Kings, but nobody knew how long that would last. Next were the Serpenkine, reptilian humanoids who had split on whether to help the Alliance of Kings or to destroy them.The third tribe was the Green People, a race in symbiotic harmony with the plant life of Providence. They were completely belligerent to Caiylus’ people.


Providence Rule Book

Elevated a hundred feet, it was here that the king made proclamations to his subjects. Standards bearing the coat of arms for the Alliance of Kings, the city state of Cliff-Spider and her ruling household all waved gently in the breeze. Set into the balcony’s white marble surface was a throne upon which King Raldowin IV sat when he came to hear public grievances. The platform could only be reached through - flight or by gliding, meaning the upper castes alone could reach the ears of the king. The flightless Fallen, the lowest members of society, were denied the privilege. Such, however, were the inadequacies of the rigid caste system within the Alliance of Kings. When the stage was empty, as it was now, the surrounding area was normally tranquil. That was not true this evening. Tens-of-thousands of spectators waiting for the appearance of Regent Caiylus, filled the ground and air. Upon a great field at the base of the spire, a sea of people stood in anticipation. In the air, all manner of citizens flew or glided on wings of feather or leathery membranes. The sharply dressed and diplomatic Dragons, heavy in flight, only launched themselves when necessary. A few people tried to upset their rigid sense of decorum by grabbing their spiked tails as they took to the air.A sharp snap with their tails, however, deterred more than one troublemaker. The impressive Eagles, powerful in stature and every bit the solemn knights, remained standing on the lips of the surrounding platforms overlooking the Stage of Kings. They did not consider it dignified to flitter about aimlessly, and remained at attention until Regent Caiylus appeared. The jovial and stocky Doves, however, loved flying too much to miss any opportunity to do so. Those with wings screamed through the air, completing aerial stunts which the streamlined Hawks generally did slightly better.


Providence Rule Book

Within the crowds, members of the other Troupials waited patiently, Those with blackened eyes were members of Troupial Jackal. They believed in usurping the unfair caste system, and were quite vocal about it. The entire Troupial had been branded as dangerous when a faction of the group took to terrorism.Another Troupial believed in its own inferiority, and supported the caste system. Known as Hyenas, they had no real affiliation with one another.A third group, the almost childlike Rats, earned some respect due to their “siblings.” Any member of Dragon born without a means of flight was placed in this Troupial. Rather than casting their Fallen by the wayside as Eagle and Hawk had done, the diplomatic Dragons watched over their brethren and supported them openly. The only group not present in any numbers were the reclusive Bats. Similar to Dragons but born with glider membranes, the Bats were sensitive to noise and generally distrustful of those who were not Rat, Dragon or of their own Troupial. Their absence from this gathering was hardly surprising. Tonight, all the differences that separated Troupials and Castes seemed lessened by the importance of what was to come. Regent Caiylus had called a general assembly, to share with the citizens of the Alliance what she had called “an important matter’’ Despite the multitude of people tonight, many shared the same worries and fears.A time of great reckoning was coming, one sure to change the face of society. For some, this meant the herald of something good, for the status quo offered them little. For others, they suspected that after tonight their comfortable lives would never be the same. Many tried to drown their anticipation through chatter and gossip, lending the gathering a festive POP WR WC A, peat atmosphere. It only served to fill the air with noise and more tension.


Providence Rule Book

The cacophony faded to silence as a sharp chime rang from an unknown source. It reverberated through the ground, instantly quietening everyone. The rock wall behind the Stage of Kings melted, revealing a large open arch.A pair of Hawk knights stepped through in slow, but uniform cadence. Five pairs of knights followed them bearing long thin air lances. The articulated resin sections that sheathed their wings were much like the amber coloured armour covering their bodies. Resin was far lighter than metal, and the magic of Wird made it just as strong. The knights walked to the edge of the platform and stood at attention. A thunderous ovation greeted King Raldowin IV and Regent Caiylus as they came through the archway. Eagles flared their wings, Dragons, Ravens and Doves bowed, Hawks and Swans kneeled, Gargoyles pushed a few people around, and the Jackals and Rats did their best to look uninterested, Despite their reaction, everyone stared at Regent Caiylus with respect. She demanded attention due to her position, her presence and her being a noted Wylder, a practitioner of a very impressive and potent form of magic. Few could challenge her in a duel and win. Caiylus allowed the roar to subside as she came to the edge of the platform. Staring at the gathering, she realized that even using her peripheral vision, the crowd below her balcony was too large to see all at once. She had to sweep her gaze across the collage of colour to capture the enormity of this panoramic view. A mixture of admiration, apprehension and respect was relayed back in the few faces she could discern. The overwhelming sense of responsibility almost caused her to falter, but she gathered strength from what she saw and went on. “Children of a failed rebellion,” Caiylus began.


Providence Rule Book

Caiylus brought him close to her, and immediately noticed he had no wings; he was Fallen. The crowd went silent, waiting to see how the regent would treat the old Dove. Something within the eyes of the old man touched Caiylus deeply. It was a sense of vulnerability and fear she knew she, as a ruler, could dispel. Caiylus cupped her hand below the Dove's chin and smiled sadly. “We leave here together, father. We leave here together.” She returned him to the ground as gently as she had lifted him, then floated higher into the air. “Allay your fears,” Caiylus cried out to the crowd." will leave nobody behind. We will leave this place together. For that purpose, | have summoned the Guilds.” As she spun in the air to face the spire, four immense platforms emerged from it. As the new balconies formed across the rock face, archways appeared in the walls. The announcement of the Guilds silenced everyone. It was born from a mixture of fear and respect. While Fallen, Winged and Gliders represented the major strata of the caste system, there were smaller sub-tiers, like the Guilds. They consisted of Shards, people blessed with innate “One-Spell” abilities similar to the magic of Wird, The Alliance created a special tier for them, placing Shards under the immediate supervision of the royal castes. Initially known as Gifted, they eventually gathered around Guilds to improve their standing within the royal courts of Providence. Although they were a minor segment of the population, their political and financial powers were unprecedented. The ones who appeared upon the balconies were from the strongest of the Guilds. The first to march out were twelve members of the Guild of Archers, their right shoulders covered with red cloth bearing their coat of arms.


Providence Rule Book

The Drummers had once again made an entrance. The Drummers were the most powerful Alliance Guild in all factors. They were the richest and most influential, the populace loved them, and they were closer to a knightly order than many royal guards. Renowned for placing candidates through a gruelling enlistment process, they accepted only the strongest and most honourable Shards. Their ranks consisted of those blessed with super strength and endurance, courage and nobility. The Drummers earned their name heralding the arrival of Alliance armies by beating the ground with their fists. They were heard from miles away. Another of their distinctive features was the massive war-hammer each carried. Popular folklore had it that the strongest Drummer could crack the very air with a swing of his weapon. Regent Caiylus watched as twenty-one Drummers marched up the avenue created by the splitting crowd. At the head of the Drummers was Guild Mistress Jeba Sunfierce, a female Hawk glider with a solid frame. The Drummers marched to her tempo, stamping their feet into the ground in time with one another. Every few steps or so, they all dropped to one knee and swung their hammer out and to the side, striking the ground to emphasize a particular note. They left scores of impact crates in their wake, and more than one unbalanced onlooker on their rear end. Regent Caiylus smiled at this display. Everyone knew fully well she would not have accepted this behaviour from any other Guild, but the Drummers had proven their value too often. In the war to come, the Alliance knew it could never truly lose, for among the bodies of the slain and the sea of rubble that were once cities, the Drummers would still be standing, fighting till old age claimed their spirits, Regent Caiylus knew this as she settled closer to the ground.


Providence Rule Book

ACT Il Deep within the spire heart of Cliff-Spider was the Regent's Hall, Each city in the Alliance of Kings had one such chamber for entertaining the visiting regent. Because Caiylus had to represent everyone without any hint of favouritism, she essentially had no city to call her own. She was a citizen of all member-states and required to live in each Alliance domain for equal time. Cliff-Spider’s hall, second to Water-Sister in beauty, was a circular chamber two hundred feet in diameter. The domed ceiling glictered with mosaics of reflective glass. Light spells were always cast before meetings, creating a dazzling display of colours along the surface of the roof. It glittered like a million gems. With walls of darkest obsidian, the chamber contained dark-green marble columns and statues of former Alliance regents in its alcoves. A sheet of green marble sealed away one alcove from public scrutiny. It belonged to the traitor Jenobay, the Eagle regent who ruled before Caiylus; few spoke of him in casual conversation. It was discovered that Jenobay had secretly been a Blight Crow, a corrupt Distinction of Wird [) Hero's Prolowue ss practitioner who uses necromancy. During his execution, when one wing had already been sheared away, he escaped with the help of the White Crow. He had not been found since, much to the embarrassment of the Alliance. The floor of the Regent's Hall was a lighter sea-green marble engraved with the Alliance’s coat of arms. Light spells gave the illusion that the engraving was liquid gold. When the Regent held private meetings with other Alliance rulers, the crest and the marble rose to form a large circular table and four chairs. The Regent's throne, elevated on a platform stage, was the only piece of the furniture within the room used during general assemblies.


Providence Rule Book

Such was the case tonight. Having just concluded her petition to the populace, Caiylus retired to the Regent's Hall to receive the numerous guests not belonging to the Guilds. Standing upon the stage, to the left of Caiylus’ throne, were King Raldowin IV and Watcher Preventine of Water-Sister. Both Preventine and Caiylus were strong willed individuals who had clashed on several occasions over the caste system.Watcher Preventine, a female Dove strongly versed in the arts of Wird as a Wird Weaver, believed the caste system was unjust. Regent Caiylus did not support all the animosity it engendered against the Fallen, but believed the system was necessary to maintain the purity of the winged nobility. While they disagreed with one another, and perhaps even resented each other, neither openly challenged the other person. To the right of Regent Caiylus was King Gunther of Cry-Star, the prime city of the Alliance. Gunther, an Eagle and former friend to Caiylus, had little to say to her tonight. Some suspected Gunther was upset over Caiylus' treatment of Guild Mistress Melisrian of the Chirurgeons, his personal physician and reputed lover. His behaviour seemed proof of that. With Regent Caiylus holding open forum, members of the royal courts filled the hall. Many made their introductions to the regent and rulers present, then swiftly made their way off the stage. Several lingered to offer their support. A few made enough of an impression to stop the conversation within the hall. One couple captured everyone's attention from the moment they entered, right up to the point of their departure. Regent Caiylus had been expecting them, and warned the guards not to stop them or confiscate their weapons. The first was a D’Shau Monk named Brother Allovin, a glider of Raven stock without the dark robes or ~ white tattoos that one would expect of his Troupial.


Providence Rule Book

They bowed again and left the stage, allowing the next batch of visitors to come forward. The heralds continued to announce more visitors as they entered the rapidly filling hall. Caiylus knew it was going to be a long night. EPILOGUE It was late in the evening when the heralds announced that the regent would no longer be receiving anyone. The royal court bid Regent Caiylus a final farewell as she retired from the festivities, her smile growing harder to maintain. After parting company with Raldowin at her chamber door, and dismissing the guards, she was back upon her balcony, watching the landscape below burn with encampment fires. Caiylus’ feet ached, her body was stiff, her mind clouded by the events of the day, but still, she could not bring herself to sleep. Closing her eyes did not bring her the solitude she expected. The impression of thousands of people and colours remained with her, their chants trapped within the confines of her skull. So she remained awake, watching the landscape and hoping that the wind would blow away the ghosts of the day still nestled in her head. Something within the air, however, gave her pause. Looking around the balcony, Regent Caiylus realized she was not alone. Hesitation between calling for her guards or unleashing a Light spell to illuminate the darkness was all the intruder needed to make his presence known. A man faded into view, floating in the air above the balcony. He was a Dragon with metal sheathing his tail. His wings were stonelike and marked with eldritch sigils; his eyes glowed like two torches. Form-fitting crystal armour covered his body, and a thin knife-like smile stretched across his cold face. He appeared to be alone, but Regent Caiylus knew better; she could sense others around her as well.


Middlebury Campus 1991-11-07 : Volume 90, Issue 8

He has been on an unpaid leave of absence as a tenured professor since he resigned last year. In May he pleaded guilty to using his position to earn- $25,000 in extra compensation. Governor Carroll Campbell has called for an investigation into the re¬ cent allegations, and the current presi¬ dent of the university plans to begin proceedings to revoke Holderman’s tenure as soon as possible. New classes on video questioned at MSU Seven thousand students at Michi¬ gan Slate U. in Eist Lansing are pro¬ testing a required course that is taught by television, rather thanliveppifesson. The students view the concept of the data as "assembly line education." The class, entitled “The United States and the World," will be led by graduate students and will feature vid- aos (ram over 30 faculty members mores. The students opposing die course signed a petition and deliver edit to the Academic Council on October 1, but the council approved the class the fol¬ lowing week. Ben Emory, the president of Stu¬ dents for Quality Education at MSU, said he feels like students are being . “If we pay fell tuition, we have a right to a professor. This class has no student-to-faculty contact. You sit there, watch videos and absorb knowledge. This is supposed to be education after all, not a video rental," he said. Emory promised more grassroots activism, including a potential class boycott. Is the National Lampoon real? New York University and its Jfatorfrateraity Council are investigat¬ ing the campus chapter of Phi Gimrai Delta because members of the frater¬ nity posed for National Lampoon pho¬ tographs depicting violent and sexual pledge hazing. The articfemwhkh the photographs appear is entitled “Dumb Fraternity Games: Acted out by Authentic Dumb Frat Guys," and provoked a great deal of comment on campuses everywhere after the humor magazine went on sale in mid-September.


More people should take themselves less seriously.” UC Berkeley struggles in aftermath of massive brush fire The recent brash fire outside of San Francisco, CA burned more than 3,400 houses and apartment buildings, in¬ cluding the homes of faculty members, staff and administrators from several area colleges. Berkeley's campus was the closest to the fire; the blaze reportedly came within a half mile of the campus, prompting the evacuation of four fa¬ cilities, student residence halls, and 18 fraternity and sorority houses on the edge of campus. About 168 faculty members and administrators at Berkeley lost their houses, and an estimated 300 students who live off-campus were also left homeless. In loud, 23 people were killed, and two are still missing in the aftermath of die worst brash fire in California his¬ tory. One Berkeley student is believed to have died. Sources: The of HigKor tvtm-thwi lW National GoBage Newspaper The Naricnel Stndear News Service TheNew YoricThnss By Peter Walsh The Middlebury College faculty voted Monday afternoon in favor of the Revised Motion of the Committee on Sexual Harassment but some faculty members expressed concern with some of the.,definitions of harassment in¬ cluded in the report. The endorsed motion states that, “the Faculty of Middlebury College accepts die Report of die Sexual Ha¬ rassment Committee” and goes on to endorse in particular four principles. The first principle is a recommen¬ dation that the College adopt a general policy concerning harassment, which addresses sexual harassment as well as racial, ethnic, rel igious and other forms of harrassmen. The statement goes on to recom¬ mend that this policy and its procedure should be college-wide. The statement also endorses the creation of a college-wide program to promote education with respect to ha¬ rassment. This program would be up for review in three years.


Bell said that she thought the boy came from a good family, and said Beck / loved and cared for him greatly. When Becky discovered that she was pregnant after visiting the Planned Parenthood Center, she confronted her boy friend with the news. She had hoped that he would be accepting and even¬ tually marry her. According to Bell, when Becky told her boy friend that she was pregnant, he said, “just get the hell out of my life, I don’t want to see you anymore.” Becky returned to Planned Parenthood to get an abortion. When she discovered that she needed parental consent or a judge’s approval, Becky decided to find other means to have an abortion. One evening, Becky told her parents that she wanted to go to a party on the south side of Indianapolis on the fol¬ io wing Saturday night, in order to spend time with a friend in need. Although Bell said she was initially apprehensive about allowing Becky to go to a party which was located in what she called a bad neighborhood, she agreed to let her go. Becky returned home around 1:00 am, but she had not gone to a party. Instead, Becky had gotten an illegal. back-alley abortion. The next day, Becky went to work as a cashier at a food store. The day after, Becky went to school, but later in die afternoon developed a fever. Al¬ though Becky was burning up, she claimed only to have the flu, and begged her mom not to call the doctor. Bell said dial she had no reason to believe her daughter otherwise, as Becky had al¬ ways told the truth. During that week, Becky continued to remain home from school. There had been no noticeable symptoms of bleeding or hemorrhaging at this point By Friday, Becky’s condition had not improved, and she agreed to go to the doctor’s office, though she had still not told her parents about the abortion.


Tolkin deserves no felt no pain when her husband was not love him because she feels that he small amount of applause for trying to killed by a disgruntled employee with has made her suffer incredibly, tackle tough questions of religious be- a shotgun, because she knew that he In all. The Rapture is a thinking lief, especially considering the mtel- was in Heaven. At times I felt I was person’s movie, and despite its flaws lectual level of the topic. The film has being brutally beaten over the head has some very thought-provoking big ideas at the core-a substance, not a with a heavy brick. qualities. It is certainly not a typical veneer-but I felt the points were often The final portion of The Rapture Hollywood effort. The film has a made at the expense of realism. easily redeems the second and poses vision which it portrays concretely. At its center is Sharon, a telephone such difficult philosophical questions and it also takes on the important task operator in L.A. who lives an empty life that it cannot be ignored. Explaining of asking questions instead of simply of robotic work and shallow sexual the decision that Sharon must make at providing pat answers for them. encounters. The sequence of the movie "ZT “— --— is divided into three basic parts: first, Jx6Q vjTOOITlS Sharon is sinful and unhappy, sterile, (Continued from page 11) i explaining the many varieties of let- and seemingly incapable of love. She is photograph by Brassai. Grooms loves tuce and the task it was assembling the unhappy with her life, feels that there artists, and they fill the gallery. Oppo- three dimensional spoof on Salvador must be something more to it, but can’t site from Matisse teems a variegated Dali. Butterflies alight on his hands as seem to find anything.


Thursday, November 7,1991 The Middlebury Campus SPORTS •Si \r_ ' r 1 page 13 Costly errors, injuries hobble Panthers’ defense at Colby By Elyse Napolitano The Panther trip to Waterville, Maine proved a disappointing one, as the team fell 31 -16 to the Colby Mules. Although at times Middlebury played well enough to win the game, several mistakes at critical points in the game prevented them from coming out on top. Middlebury was without defensive contributors Dave Middleton ’94 and KanTanabe *93, who were taken out in the game against Hamilton over Octo¬ ber break and remain questionable for . next week’s game. The Panthers missed running back Matt Whitcomb ’94, also injured in the Hamilton game, who previously led the team in scoring and maintained the highest yards per carry average in the NESCAC. 0 Coach Mickey Heineken stated that. the team displayed outstanding inten¬ sity in the game against Colby. How¬ ever, the intensity of the team was not enough to compensate for Colby's consistenty, which included the ability to capitalize on Panther slip-ups. Heineken felt that, “We have shot ourselves in the foot..the Panthers are a frustrated team. We know there is more out there for us.” Middlebury committed six turn¬ overs, including a fumble on their second play of the game. The Mules recovered, and two plays later, found an open hole and rushed from the Middlebury 33-yard line for the first touchdown of the game. Middlebury moved the ball well on their next drive, which culminated in Eric Sevigny ’93 rushing three yards for a retaliatory touchdown. With the score at 7-7, the Panthers seemed to have recovered from their early blun¬ der. However, Panther momentum was halted as the Mules intercepted a Dyson pass and completed the drive for an¬ other touchdown. Middlebury opened up the second quarter with possession of the ball, but was unable to put together a scoring drive and had to punt away.


By Adam Gliden with Neall Currie In case you don’t realize it, and you probably don’t, because it isn't very well publicized, the United States will play France in the Davis Cup (that’s tennis) Ryder is golf,-Americas is sail¬ ing) finals from November 29th to De¬ cember 1st. The, Americans are the defending world champions, and it is even less well publicized that Davis Cup team captain Tom Gorman has not yet chosen his team for the match. Because he has made the mistake of waiting until the last minute to name his players, several American players have become alienated and are ques¬ tioning whether they even want to play. Combined with the fact that many of the new wave of young American stars have been reluctant to play DaVis Cup matches in the past, this Alienation could prove fatal in getting a team together to beat France. In other words, if our best guys aren’t going to play because they 're irritated with Gorman, we don’t stand a chance). / The main reason Gorman is waiting it out is that he wantk to see who is playing well and Who isn’t during the last few weeks before the match. France chose to play on a fast indoor surface, and Gorman is planning to choose his team by looking at the resets of the tournaments that are being played right now on similar surfaces. Mis hesitation is a mistake because he has an amaz¬ ingly large number of choices. He does not have u) wait until the last minutp, forcing players to change their already booked schedules. The Davis Cup for¬ mat calls for two singles players and one doubles team, and Gorman has at least three choices for each position. Although the former #1 ranked team in the world, Rick Leach and Jim Pugh, has split, Gorman could still ask Ken Flach and Robert Seguso, a former Davis Cup doubles team with a stellar record.


Montana rail planning newsletter

Assuming the grain subterminal concept to be feasible, the se- cond phase would develop public support and prepare necessary legislation to bring such terminals into being. A third phase would be to proceed with project planning, preconstruction activities, land acquisition, tariff negotiations, etc. for a pilot grain subter- minal project. The transportation of grain, development and pro- motion of foreign markets, research, and alternate sources of energy were listed as the most important concerns of Montana grain growers in a survey conducted by the Montana Grain Growers Association last October. The unavailability of railroad grain cars (until recently), the relatively slow and unreliable transit times for shipments by rail, the increase in grain movements by truck/barge along with the resulting impact upon diesel fuel usage, and the impact of truck traffic upon major highways, especially Route 200 west of Great Falls, together add a sense of urgency to this study. Unless grain transportation is significantly improved, Montana grain growers will become increasingly disad- vantaged in comparison with producers located in other states. With Asian markets increasing at three to five percent a year, a loss in competitiveness is something which Montana producers can ill afford. Grain subterminals by themselves cannot solve all of Montana's grain transport problems. They do offer promise in in- troducing economies of scale to a transport mode which other- wise has changed very little over the past 40 to 50 years. Basically, elevators order empty cars from the railroad which are then located and forwarded (under single car rates) to a variety of destinations in the northwest and midwest. In spite of the prob- lems identified above and gradually increasing diversion to truck/barge, railroads still dominate in the movement of Montana grain. Consequentiy little incentive presently exists by which railroads would improve service or offer economic incentives to elevator operators to use the rail system.


Montana rail planning newsletter

Over the years, various alternatives have been proposed, such as multi-car rates, grain trains, subterminals, and unit trains. While these concepts have been discussed off and on for quite some time, nothing has happened. The explanation lies in the sheer magnitude of the marketing changes required to achieve the volumes necessary to induce railroad rate reductions. So far, private enterprise has not been able to assemble the point-to- point grain volumes necessary to sustain more efficient forms of rail transport. It is important to appreciate the major strengths and weaknesses of the proposed concepts from both railroad and elevator operator perspectives. Multi-car shipments today are quite feasible at the larger elevators and are being made today, although no rate reduction is being offered by the railroads serv- ing Montana. While some switching time is saved over that re- quired in handling single cars, the reduction in terminal costs is relatively small in comparison with the total cost of the move- ment. No savings occur in terms of transit time, car utilization, or in the number of points served or miles of track operated. In the past, the BN has concluded that multi-car shipments do not pro- vide sufficient operational economies to warrant the introduction of multi-car rates. However, recently the UP instituted such rates on its lines through Wyoming, Idaho and Oregon. Whether this will eventually affect BN's stance remains to be seen. Grain trains were tried briefly some years ago. Such a train con- sists solely of loaded or empty grain cars rather than the mixed freight typical of rail service in Montana. The only advantage of such trains is the elimination of some switching operations due to the concentration of traffic for fewer West Coast destinations with some reduction in transit time. The major disadvantage is that additional local train operations may be required to handle non-grain traffic.


Montana rail planning newsletter

While the concept may be appealing, such trains apparently offer little in operating savings. Both multi-car shipments and grain trains require practically no institutional and/or marketing changes and thus would be popular with elevator operators. In short, it represents the continuation of business "as is". The Montana Rail Planning Newsletter Number 3 contains a succinct explanation of grain subterminals and unit trains, which are expected to provide appreciable operating and car ownership economies to railroads, and thus offer far greater potential than multi-car rates and grain trains. A 60-car unit grain train can carry approximately six thousand tons or 200 thousand bushels of wheat. Such a train, if efficiently utilized, could conceivably make upwards of 50 round trips per year between Montana and west coast ports. This amounts to ten million bushels of wheat annual- ly. Total wheat production in Montana in recent years has ranged between 85 and 167 million bushels annually. Thus, one unit train operating in a shuttle-type service has a tremendous capacity to move grain. As previously indicated, multiple west coast destina- tions do exist, thus mitigating against the introduction of unit train service. Of the approximately 260 elevators in Montana, none is presently equipped to handle unit trains efficiently. While a few may have sufficient storage capacity, none is today approaching the volumes required to make such service feasible. No elevator presently has this throughput. To achieve this scale of throughput, either the large elevators are going to have to grow larger (presumably at the expense of smaller elevators, the independents, or the financially weaker firms) or elevators are going to have to voluntarily join together in the marketing and transport of grain, with or without governmen- tal encouragement. Provided that the capital can be raised, it isn't too difficult to construct the storage and loading facility required for servicing unit trains.


Montana rail planning newsletter

It is well to remember that present single-car rates are an "equalizer" between elevators of all sizes. Givon the importance of this study to the grain industry in Mon- tana, future editions of this newsletter will describe the analytical processes being utilized and the overall results obtained as the different tasks and subtasks are undertaken and completed. 'Associated with RCAI is Radermacher & Associates (a Billings- based transportation and marketing firm) and Robert Peccia & Associates (a Helena-based transportation planning and civil engineering firm) Update of Milwaukee Situation Readers of previous Rail Planning Newsletters probably recall a series of articles of interest to those who closely follow the trials and tribulations of the Milwaukee Road. The following attempts to briefly summarize the many events which have transpired since September, 1979. In the aftermath of the Court's early June decision, which nar- rowly averted an embargo of rail service on the western lines, a group of shipper and employee interests agreed to form a Washington-based non-profit corporation, known as the "New Milwaukee Lines" (New Mil), to serve as a mechanism for putting together a new railroad corporation. This organization has, and continues to receive strong Montana support and encouragement. The objective of New Mil is to ensure continued, competitive rail service in regions currently served by the bankrupt Milwaukee. In September, SORE and New Milwaukee Lines each filed a preliminary plan of reorganization for the Milwaukee's estate with the District Court. SORE's plan proposed a reorganized system operating the Milwaukee's lines west from the Twin Cities to the west coast. New Milwaukee Lines proposed a configuration stretching from Louisville. Each plan was filed under substantial time pressure and recognized the need for subsequent develop- ment and amendments. Because of the magnitude and complexity of the problems fac- ing the Milwaukee and the public it serves, and because of perceived inadequacy of normal abandonment and reorganization procedures, considerable pressure was exerted on Congress to provide a more appropriate means for restructuring the Milwaukee.


Montana rail planning newsletter

Many legislators felt that the option of an employee or employee-shipper-owned railroad needed to be considered and analyzed more fully. A second issue was the magnitude of the labor protection claims upon abandonment or embargo. A third issue was the taxpayer cost of directed service over embargoed lines and the fact that this action would only postpone the day of total cessation of rail service.' Congress passed the Milwaukee Railroad Restructuring Act (MRRA) on November 2, 1979; the President signed the Act on November 4, 1979. The legislation directs the ICC and the District Court to give prompt and ex- pedited consideration to a plan for saving the railroad by reorganizing the Milwaukee into an employee-shipper-owned car- rier operating a restructured and self-sustaining system. The statute provided funding to keep the entire railroad operating dur- ing the period required for consideration of this alternative, and granted the reorganization court-sweeping powers to quickly ap- prove abandonments on all lines not included in the employee- shipper-owned system. If the resulting plan is not approved by the ICC and the Court, the Act precludes any directed service on the Milwaukee system until April 1, 1981. The Act includes a series of tight deadlines which have to be met by the principal parties. On December 1, 1979, the New Milwaukee Lines filed its employee-shipper-ownership plan for the reorganization of the Milwaukee Railroad with the ICC and Reorganization Court. The plan prepared by the New Milwaukee Lines proposed that a new employee and shipper-owner corporation be formed to operate a scaled-down system, amounting to approximately half of the Milwaukee's present total route mileage. The new railroad would have extended from the northwest ports of Seattle, Tacoma and Portland across the transcontinental mainline through the Twin Cities to Milwaukee, Chicago and Louisville, KY.


Montana rail planning newsletter

Ogilvie, Trustee of the pro- perty of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, whereby the Trustee offered to the State of Montana the opportunity to acquire Milwaukee properties in Montana, Idaho, and eastern Washington for $55 million, Governor Judge on February 1, 1980, forwarded to the Federal government an applica- tion to provide for the acquisition and rehabilitation of Milwaukee Lines in Montana, Idaho, and eastern Washington. Montana has not in the past, nor does it now seek, long-term ownership or operation of Milwaukee Lines in Montana, and is taking this step only because there no longer appears to be any practical way to ensure continued operation of these lines after March 1, 1980. Under this application, the State of Montana would acquire title to the rail properties between Miles City, MT and Marengo, WA. A Montana-based non-profit corporation would be established to oversee the acquisition and rehabilitation financing and the general operation of rail lines acquired by the State. To do this, the corporation would execute a lease-purchase agreement with a qualified operator selected on the basis of available investment capital and railroad operating experience to provide the required rail services and eventually acquire the property from the State. Thus, Montana ownership of Milwaukee Lines is viewed as an ex- pedient solution to an immediate problem and not an end in itself. While there are some who think that reorganization will go on indefinitely, the mood of the Federal government, the Reorganiza- tion Court and Congress appears to be one of settling the issue and not dragging it out further. Should Montana be suc- cessful (1) in raising necessary venture capital, (2) securing the re- quest loans and grants from the Federal government, and (3) con- cluding negotiations with the Trustee, then it should be possible to establish a successor rail operation in May-June.


Montana annual rural manpower report

Farm Employment Trends Overall farm employment was comparable to 1978, except during the sweet cherry harvest when the in-migration of harvest hands exceeded the previous year. 1) As to major characteristics of seasonal workers, all ages above 16 are employed. The elderly are utilized well in agriculture on general . farm and ranch work. Age, sex and race play no important part in Montana's agricultural employment. Women workers have increased on both farms and ranches as tractor operators, general farm workers and sheepherders. They are also frequently employed as truck drivers during small grain and sugar beet harvests. 2) Major activities are field corn, cherries, grain, hay, livestock, potatoes and sugar beets. Less than 1,000 Texas-Mexicans in crews or family groups weed and thin Montana's sugar beets, which for the most part, are located in the Yellowstone Valley. Weedicides, mechanical thinners and weeders will continue to reduce hand labor needs each year. Only two of the previous five sugar beet companies now process sugar beets in the state, which has resulted in a yery substantial reduction of sugar beet acreages and reduced the demand for migrant workers. One thousand, two hundred (1,200) cherry pickers take care of the cherry harvest. This is still hand picking except 'for the sour cherries which are harvested by mechanical shakers. The sweet cherry harvest in the Flathead Valley has become an important link in some of the migrant fruit workers itineraries who follow the fruit harvests in the states west of Montana. Wheat and other small grains are harvested mostly by custom combines and crews migrating into the state following the harvests from Texas to Canada. A substantial amount of the general farm and ranch work is taken care of by individuals entering the state each year for seasonal employment. Local students have become an important source of labor to fill vacancies during their summer vacation periods.


A Guide To Use Of Tool Software For The Apple II Computer - NYC Board Of Education

Goldberg, were responsible for planning, writing, coordinating and sequencing the first eidition of this guide. They were assisted by Peter Brennan and Joseph Eaione with file design, data management, and editing. The manuscript was prepared for publication by the Editorial and Production Unit under the direction of Alaire Mitchell, Assistant Director of Curriculum Research (Acting). Vincent Puglia of the Editorial and Production Unit was responsible for the final editing, sequencing, and overall production of the manuscript• Victor Roseman designed the cover and Ernest Mortuzans designed the chapter title pages. Word Processing: Janet Taylor, Patricia Broadnick and Bessie Jones VI INTRODUCTION The use of computers in the classroom has become more prevalent during the past few years. Through this use we have developed a knowledge of their functions and a better vision of their potential. We encourage our colleagues to freely experiment and attempt new approaches. Only with all of us working in concert, can we fulfill our vision for an effective integration of school technology into all subject areas. From these beginnings, we will nurture the critical thinking and practical skills our students will need to succeed in the information age. If children are not comfortable with computers, they will be as unprepared for the future as an adult who cannot read or write. The purpose of this guide is to give teachers and supervisors a working knowledge of various approaches to enhance pupil learning. Our guides are intended to be open ended and flexible in nature. As a 1920 car is not efficient by 1980 standards, outmoded computer education ideas of the seventies have been replaced by the new visions of the eighties. Classroom use of technology has doubled and redoubled in the past few years. Teachers are continually devising new ideas for the use of this technology. Our primary responsibility in this area and our reason for writing this book, is to see that computers are used as an efficient classroom tool.


Pressons of York

It is my will and desire that my negro man Robin be hired by my Executors annually on the best terms for and during the term of my sister Elizabeth Freeman's natural life and at her death it is my will and desire and I hereby devise the said Robin to my Nephew Callohill Presson. 4th. It is my will and desire that my negro girl Judah be sold as soon after my death as possible by my Executors to the best advantage and the money arising from the sale there of to be applied immediatley to the discharge of my debts. 5th. It is my will and desire and I hereby devise my yellow boy Tom to my Nephew John Presson. 6th. I hereby devise my negro woman Fanny and her two smallest children to my sister Elizabeth Freeman for her sole and separate use and for her exclusive benefit for and during the term of her natural life and at her death to be disposed of in the order of my land herein before devised. 7th. It is my will and desire that my Crop of Corn not made be sold by my Executors on the best terms and that all the perishable part of my Estate be sold on a credit of twelve months, as soon as possible. 8th. It is my desire that my Executors will settle my accounts and make collection of my debts of every description and allow no indulgence but persue the shortest course in the recovery thereof as soon as possible. 18 9th. It is my will and desire and I hereby appropriate the annual hires of Juby and Hannah with the interest of the sum of One Thousand Dollars as soon as collected, for the sole and separate use of my sister Elizabeth Freeman for and during the term of her natural life. 10th.


Fashion International, October/November 1995

The Spring story concentrates on orchid pink in combination with black and white. There are 40MM sandwashed silk crepes in solids and dots, pure cotton yarn dyed striped pique, printed satin, stretch cotton hound’ s-tooth, and ribbed and jacquard knits. Typically Kenzo is the one-button jacket in orchid worn over a floral/dot pique vest and fluid polka dot pants. CORINNE BRICAIRE is a Paris based line specializing in day- into-evening casual clothes with a minimalist slant. Fabrics are unusual and colors are offbeat. There are unique crinkled metallic plisses, and a lot of iridescents and sheers. Some of the best styles are the reversible tunic and front wrap sarong, and a magnifi- cent coat that reverses from bronze to peach. PORTARA is dedicated to the young career customer. She’!I find total lifestyle dressing in shades rang- ing from seashell and vanilla to pebble, granite and black. For Spring/Summer there are new hip length striped jackets and trousers in wool blends, Madras plaid blouses to pair with soft floral print skirts, and striped tailleurs. Skinny spaghetti strapped dresses in crimson, off white, and black span the seasons easily. EMANUEL takes a versatile approach to Spring with a collec- tion that encompasses soft suit dressing and cool casual wear. Highlights are his dress and coat combinations, the suited looks with long and short jacket ver- sions, and the fresh take on sueded chino, denim stripes, and beautiful Indian paisley cotton prints. The subtle color palette includes important shades of cafe, flax, peridot, roselite, paprika, blush, tobacco, ore and ink. Fabrications include topstitched tropical wools, silk georgette, reversible twill stripe, satin back crepe, melange twill, organza paisley jacquard, boucle, linen jersey, and much more. The collection is self-assured, modern, stunning. ANNIE REVA pays homage to the ’60s with sophisti- cated, well-defined silhouettes in classic colors.


So, we decided to open our own boutique in order to know our customers better, and to give them an opportunity to see the whole collection and not just a few pieces. The Spring ’96 collection is more forward than Fall; it features more complicated cuts and has been upscaled to a cou- ture level. It’s day-into-evening for the career woman, but it’s fun, younger, elegant ... very fifties!” They both stress that the evening looks in the collection are very strong thanks to the fact that glamour is back. As an added bonus, along with their signature collection of coats, jackets and dresses, they have designed a line of shoes, bags, and jeans that retail from $100 to $200. Their strategy is to give the customer a choice of bags and shoes to go with each outfit, so that she can create a whole wardrobe. The Spring ’96 collection from EV & EL comprises five groups in a variety of fabrics and colors, including a cotton/ Lycra blend in solid blue or gray and white stripe, and a sky blue silk group that has an elegant Audrey Hepburn aura. Also featured is a black and white color blocked cotton group, that is clearly inspired by the Carnaby Street of the °60s, and a lime green and peach group, in solids or in a Grecian patterned textured silk blend. Silhouettes run the gamut from ladylike coats and dress/jacket combinations to little shifts and Capri pants. Detailing includes 3/4 sleeves, boat necks, and Peter Pan collars. Standouts are the blue silk herringbone jacquard, double-breasted jacket that is belted over slightly flared pants, and an elegant double- breasted knee-hovering coat that gracefully fits the form. A great looking short shift is color blocked in black and white; while an equally eye- catching blue cotton/Lycra dress has a square neckline, waist emphasizing peplum, and slim long skirt with front slit — all detailed with intricate top stitching and a front zipper. 575 Eighth Avenue, 22nd fl.


Mirror, 1995

The weather was extraordinary! More incredible was the football team. No, they didn't win, although a couple of snowflakes did fall in Hell as the Bates Bobcats took the lead over the more experienced Williams team. Rumor of the long forgotten tradition of ringing the Hathorn bell signifying victory on Garcelon field quickly spread. That wasn't to be - the Universe quickly re- turned to its normal working order, with Bates unfortu- nately capitulating the lead and the game. Parents were treated to the whole works, with the College staff putting on an excellent exhibition ("Sure, mom, we eat like this all the time"). The OUn Arts Center offered several exhibits, as did other departments. Did any of us go on the Bird Sanctuary expedition? As a sign of our maturity, this year we actually allowed our par- ents to be seen with us in pubUc, and did not sneak them in and out of the dorms when we were sure that nobody was looking. Some of us even brought them to Com- mons for a quick bite to eat. As usual, the Deansmen and Merrimanders concert was packed. Overall, it was a terrific weekend, as our parents who have now been partying on with one another for four years really felt comfortable with each other. So com- fortable, that in an odd sort of way, they are sorry that they won't be doing it again next year. Parents Weekend •9 I lO'Halloween The Annual Chase Hall Com- mittee Halloween Bash reached its usual high peak of festivity this October 30th. A record num- ber of Bates students (over 1,200 all told) turned out in full regalia to enjoy one of the biggest nights of the year. CHC did its usual great job of putting on a party, with groovy music and video screens on the dance floor.


Montana rail plan

Finally, the Supplement will focus on an evaluation of Burlington Northern's (BN) southern mainline rail system between Mossmain (near Laurel) and Sandpoint, Idaho. METHOD OF ANALYSIS The method of analysis used in this publication is the same as that used in the 1984 Update. Please refer to pages 4-1 through 4-14 of the 1984 Montana Rail Plan Update for a thorough understanding of the approach used on the aforemen- tioned construction projects. REVISIONS TO THE UPDATE The majority of the information presented in the 1984 Montana Rail Plan Update accurately presents the rail situation in Montana as of this date. The Rail Planning Process, the State Rail Policies and Objectives, and the State Energy Policy presented in the introduction of that document have not been changed and will not be restated here. FUNDING PROCESS Local Rail Service Assistance (LRSA) funds available to the individual states are allocated by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) based on the number of eligible rail line 1-2 miles in each state in relation to the national eligible rail mileage. The formula requires that each state receive at least one percent of the available funds; however, due to declining appropriations in the LRSA program in 1987, each state is allo- cated $50,000 for rail planning. The remaining national rail appropriations are administered on a discretionary allocation by the Secretary of Transportation on a national project-by- project basis. By federal law, a maximum of 70 percent of a rail project may be funded by this program. The other 30 percent must come from a nonfederal source. The State of Montana does not utilize any state funds for this purpose and requires other parties (such as the owning railroad) to participate. Table 1-1 gives a breakdown of the federal funds received for Montana's rail planning program. Federal funds available to the State of Montana have dwindled considerably since the inception of the program.


Montana rail plan

(2) Includes 78.6 miles owned by the South Dakota Rail Authority (SDRA) and operated by BN under a lease/purchase agreement . (3) Do no calculate in total mileage; it is included in the mileage for Rarus since it operates over their track. 2-1 Montana Western Railway Co. In August, 1986, two former Rarus Railway officials purchased the 52-mile Butte to Garrison line from BN. They named their company the Montana Western Railway Co. and began operations with 11 employees. They have increased that figure to 19. Their headquarters are located at 700 $ Railroad Avenue in Butte, and John Greene serves as President of the company. The shortline primarily serves as a bridge carrier between the Union Pacific (UP) at Silver Bow and the BN at Garrison. Among the commodities hauled are phosphate rock, fertilizer, lumber, grain and a variety of items out of the Port of Montana at Butte . The company currently leases locomotives from Rarus Railway, which took over the Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway (BAP) . Future Montana Western plans include the purchase of their own locomotives. Butte-Anaconda Historical Park and Railroad Corporation (BAHP) In an agreement dated May 11, 1987, Rarus Railway agreed to lease a portion of railroad line known as the Missoula Gulch, Butte Hill line to the newly formed and organized BAHP for operation of a recreational intrastate railroad while maintaining trackage rights to fulfill their common carrier obligation. The subject line extends from Rocker to Badger mine located entirely in Silver Bow County. BAHP, headquartered in 2-3 Butte, began operating the portion of line extending from the Mining Museum to just short of the Kelly Mine, a distance of approximately two miles, in May, 1987. Future plans are to expand the route all the way to the old viewing stand over- looking the Berkeley Pit. Initially the railroad is operating seven days a week from Memorial Day through Labor Day.


Montana rail plan

The proposed Spring Creek Wye project addressed in this Supplement consists of the construction of approximately 4300 feet of new track connecting two existing rail lines, see Figure 4-1. The purpose of the project is to alleviate the need to rehabilitate the Spring Creek trestle. The project will also shorten running times for trains operating from the Geraldine line to Moccasin for interchange with BN . The status and issues concerning the subject project are summarized below: Trains operating from CMR connect with BN at Spring Creek Junction. However, the interchange track is located at Hanover which makes it necessary for CMR trains to cross the Spring Creek trestle to reach the interchange track. BN has plans to turn this section of track over to CMR. When CMR gains control it will be necessary for them to take their traffic to Moccasin for interchange. With- out the construction of the Spring Creek Wye project, it will be necessary to continue to maintain and use the Spring Creek trestle to reach Hanover in order to place 4-1 ExU;f 4-1 Tb Oenfda 47°I0' locomotives on the headend of trains. The Spring Creek trestle is a 1,392 foot timber bridge over Spring Creek. The 87 span structure has a maximum height of 85 feet above the waterline and is built of untreated timber piles and framing. There are two fire- break steel spans and supporting towers located approxi- mately at the third points of the structure. The upper portions of the trestle appear to be in good condition. The lower portions of support bents have been extensively remodeled to replace piles and timber framing that have deteriorated since construction in 1912 and rebuilding in 1931. Many posts are banded with steel strapping to avoid replacement of split timbers. Extensive rehabilitation was done on the structure by a private firm in 1970. It is recognized within the trade that rehabilitation of structures of this construction need major work every 15 years.


Montana rail plan

While the state does not necessarily oppose such a sale, it is important that the terms of the sale agreement be in the best interest of Montana shippers and Montana's economy in general, bearing in mind that reliable, efficient, cost-compe- titive rail service is essential to the state. The agreement provides for MRL to lease the mainline until the underlying mortgages have been paid, at which time MRL will have an option to purchase the line. Additionally, MRL will purchase approximately 222 route miles of BN's branchlines from Missoula to Darby; Dixon to Poison; Sappington to Harrison; Whitehall to Alder; Helena to Montana City; and Logan to Whitehall. The buyer will have the right to acquire the Phillipsburg to Drummond line if the state does not exercise certain rights to purchase the property. MRL will also have 5-12 trackage rights from Phosphate to Helena and Sandpoint to Spokane, Washington. A map of the subject rail properties can be found on Figure 5-2. The branchlines, the Livingston Shop, and all operating assets and personal property necessary to operate the line will be acquired for cash. MRL will assume operation of the line prior to the end of the year (1987) . The state and shippers are worried about changes in their service that could result from the sale. Service to shippers could be curtailed or changed immeasurably, markets could be closed, effective competition could be stymied, and predatory pricing and practices could occur if proper sale conditions are not provided. The sale could also erode the tax base causing higher taxes for each remaining taxpayer. The economic impact of the sale could mean loss of jobs resulting in loss of income to local businesses. BN employs approximately 900 workers on the subject line representing 14 counties, and there is genuine concern they could be laid off or face drastic pay reductions because of the sale.