BOX 685 KALI SPELL, MT 59901 Flathead Industries for the Handicapped was incorporated in December of 1973 and, at that time, assumed from Flathead Association for Retarded Citizens the responsibility of establishing a work activity program for developmental ly disabled adults in Flathead County. Its purpose is to provide evaluation services, living skills and employment skills training, recreation, residential and supportive services to developmental ly disabled adults in order to enhance their integration into the cormiunity and to assist them in obtaining an earned income. In the past few years programming and services have expanded in an effort to increase the actual number and types of services offered, as well as to upgrade the quality of current services provided. Work Activity, Vocational Evaluation, and Work Adjustment/Extended Employment Training Programs are currently provided. Residential services include Winterhawk Group Home for Women, and the newly established Childrens Group Home for severely or multiply handicapped children. An independent living project for those individuals previously living in the community group homes has also been established. This project currently consists of 3 apartment living facilities for men and women. In addition to these facilities, Flathead Industries also sponsors two other independently operated adult group homes here in Kalispell. Loutherback Group Home for Men presently houses 10 male clients, and the Schweigert Group Home for Women provides residential facilities for four clients. The Work Activity Center provides a comprehensive daily program consisting of vocational training, basic education and independent living skills training, as well as orientation and involvement in socialization -35- e and recreational related activities and skills acquisition. In conjunction with the Work Activity Progran, Flathead Industries also operates a recycling center and a thrift store which provides additional v«rk training for many of its clients, on either a part or full-time basis. Both of these operations are now fully operational and plans are presently underway to make each of the operations totally self-sustaining and both located in a centralized location within the city limits of Kali spell.


Montana state plan for rehabilitation facilities

It is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to make available rehabilitation services to the physically handicapped. The Rehabilitation Center was most recently accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities in 1975. The goal of the Rehabilitation Center is to provide rehabilitation services to physically handicapped individuals, helping them to return to society as physically responsible as their disabilities will allow. The concept of working as a team is fundamental in treatment and rehabilitation. Members of the team are doctors, physical therapists, occupational therapists, audiologists, speech pathologist, clinical psycho- logist, nurse, work evaluator, placement specialist, coordinator, vocation- al rehabilitation counselor, and patient. Team members meet regularly to discuss rehabilitation programs for each patient. PROGRAMS Rehabilitation Committee This committee meets on a monthly basis. It is comprised of an orthopedic surgeon, clinical psychologist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, work evaluator, placement specialist, vocational rehabilitation counselors, insurance carriers, private insurance adjusters and Worker's Compensation Division personnel. Clients with injuries insured by any of the above agencies are reviewed and the Committee determines if the Rehabilitation Center can help them. -46- w Persons referred to the Center through the Rehabilitation Committee receive an orthopedic examination, psychological evaluation, vocational work evaluation, and any other evaluation deemed useful for rehab- ilitation of the injured. Evaluations are discussed at Committee meetings. A Committee member is appointed to work closely with the injured and his family throughout the rehabilitation process. Following the clinic team's evaluations, the findings are discussed at a Committee meeting, and a follow-up conference is held with the injured workman. He is informed of the results of his evaluation and the Committee's recommendations. Two or more follow-up confer- ences may be necessary to help the injured workman to pursue all avenues toward gainful employment. Vocational Work Evaluation Unit Work evaluation is a method used to determine the employability of clients unable to compete in the job market due to some limitation, whether physical, psychological or developmental.


Upon entering the unit, the client is given a series of work samples which are graded and evaluated to determine his functioning ability and potential. A work sample is part of an actual industrial job or a simulated industrial job which enables the evaluator to judge a person's aptitude and interest in that specific field. A commercial work sample series developed for the industrially injured by VALPAR is used in conjunction with 50 other work samples. The evaluation unit has been set up to simulate an actual work day. A placement specialist works closely with the injured workman and the evaluator in seeking employment or placement of those persons enrolled in this program. ■47- Pain Clinic The Pain Clinic specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of individual chronic pain problems. The goals of this clinic are to help persons understand, cope, and live with their pain and to reduce pain. Chronic pain sufferers who have had all the usual treatment with little or no success are candidates for this program. Upper Extremity Clinic This clinic meets as needed to evaluate and recommend treatment for patients with upper extremity injuries. An orthopedist, plastic surgeon and an occupational therapist evaluate each patient. The recommendations are sent to the referring agents. Amputee Clinic The team of an orthopedic surgeon, physical therapist, occupational therapist, orthotist, prosthetist, insurance carriers, Worker's Compensation Division, Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors, and other interested people meet once monthly to evaluate and prescribe artificial limbs for amputees. Each amputee returns to insure a proper fit and that the artificial limb is satisfactorily constructed. Crippled Children's Clinic Children with physical, neurological, or developmental disabilities are evaluated by a rehabilitation team of an orthopedic surgeon, physical therapist, audiologist, and other specialists. Recommendations are made by the team for treatment. Transportation Transportation is available for non-ambulatory patients on a need basis.


The Rehabilitative Services Division's Special Projects Bureau continues to receive many requests for federal funds to establish or expand rehabilitation facilities. The concerns in making a judgment on such requests are the need for what is requested and the needs of already existing programs. In other words, a discrete decision is called for that will promote the quality of the already existing facilities. The priority regarding Montana's rehabilitation facilities is the strengthening and expansion of the eight (8) current quality facilities to their highest level of achievement in service provision. Four (4) ways of achieving this priority are: 1. The inclusion of facility staff in as many RSD staff development sessions as appropriate. This has been and will continue to be an ongoing policy. 2. The specific provision of some state and/or regional in service tailored to facility staff needs. 3. The provision of facility technical assistance (TA) under both the Federal TA and the proposed State TA programs. 4. The awarding of limited grants when the need is well justified. In addition, the Rehabilitative Services Division will maintain close relationships with all planning and funding agencies so that cooperative projects and joint funding can continue to be implemented to increase services to all disabled individuals in Montana. -50- IDENTIFICATION OF REHABILITATION SERVICE DEFICIENCIES The following facility service needs are still outstanding in Montana. 1. The need for more facility services for the visually handicapped and legally blind. Technical assistance to help facilities satisfy this need was provided during fiscal year 1977. The VR agency serving the blind in Montana will be providing specialized diagnostic equipment to certain of the rehabilitation facilities to assist in the satisfaction of this first need. 2. The need to locate appropriate housing especially for the handicapped population utilizing the facilities. This second need is being met for the developmental ly disabled. Other disability groups need special assistance over and above that provided by the rehabilitation counselor in locating housing.


Physical and occupational therapy; 5. Speech and hearing therapy; 6. Psychological and social services; 7. Evaluation of rehabilitation potential; 8. Personal and work adjustment; 9. Vocational training with a view toward career advancement (in combination with other rehabilitation services); 10. Evaluation or control of specific disabilities; 11. Orientation and mobility services and other adjustment services to the blind; and 12. Transitional or extended employment for those handicapped individuals who cannot be readily absorbed in the competi- tive labor market; provided, that all medical and related health services must be prescribed by, or under the formal supervision of, oersons licensed to prescribe or supervise the provision of such services in the State. Vocational (Work) Evaluation Vocational (Work) Evaluation: a comprehensive process that system- atically utilizes work, real or simulated, as the focal point for assessment and vocational exploration, the purpose of which is to assist individuals in vocational development. Vocational (Work) ^ Evaluation incorporates medical, psychological, social, vocational, educational, cultural, and economic data in the attainment of the goals of the evaluation process. Work Adjustment Work Adjustment is a treatment/training process utilizing individual and group work, or work related activities, to assist individuals in understanding the meaning, value and demands of work, to modify or develop attitudes, personal characteristics, and v/ork behavior; and to develop functional capacities, as required, in order to assist individuals towards their optimum level of vocational development. Each facility providing work adjustment service for RSD clients will be required to submit a description of their work adjustment program to the state RSD office for approval prior to its acceptance of v^ork adjustment fees. In addition work adjustment will be authorized for a period of only three months at one time. At the end of the three months a report on the necessity of continuing work adjustment will be required from appropriate facility staff.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

(b) At least 12 units in English, mathematics, social studies, natural sciences, or for- eign languages must be included. Normally, four units of English are required. Transfer Admission A transfer student is one entering Millsaps as a full-time student from another insti- tution of higher learning. A completed application for admission and an official transcript from each college or university in which the applicant has been enrolled is required. These polioies apply to the transfer applicant: 1. Full credit is normally allowed for work taken at other accredited institutions. Some courses which are not regarded as consistent with a liberal arts curriculum may not be credited toward a degree. Work done at non-accredited institutions may be vali- dated if the student makes a satisfactory record at Millsaps. 2. After earning 62 semester hours at a junior or senior college, a student may not take additional work at a junior college and have it apply toward a degree from Mill- saps College. 3. A student must complete the work necessary to fulfill requirements for a major at Millsaps or for pre-professional work or teaching licenses. 4. Grades and quality points earned at another institution will be recorded as they are on the transcript. The student must earn at Millsaps quality points at least double the number of hours of academic credit remaining on graduation requirements after transfer credits are entered. 5. In the case of a student transferring to Millsaps with partial fulfillment of a core re- quirement, the chair of the department concerned may approve a course to substi- tute for the remainder of the requirement. Students should consult with the Office of Records for college policy on courses that will substitute. 6. The student is subject to the regulation on advanced placement and credit by examination. 7. Credit is not given for correspondence courses. Part-Time Admission A part-time student is one enrolled in a degree program but taking fewer than 12 hours.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

Applicants for the Master of Business Administration degree should apply directly to the director of the MBA Program. Orientation and Advisement Many members of the college community are involved on an ongoing basis with orienting new students to college life and advising students to help them accomplish maximum success in their academic work. ORIENTATION: Freshmen and transfer students are expected to be on campus on dates specified in the college calendar. It is a cooperative effort involving students, faculty, and staff designed to prepare students for college life at Millsaps. FACULTY ADVISORS: New students are assigned to faculty members who serve as academic advisors. When a student chooses the major field, a professor in that field becomes the advisor. The faculty advisors provide students with advice on courses to take to reach their degree objectives and on other academic concerns. Counseling Services Counseling services are available to all students in the Guidance and Career Coun- seling Center. Students can receive counseling for a wide range of concerns. A coun- selor can assist in improving academic performance by helping a student develop study skills techniques such as time management, note-taking, problem-solving, and test-taking. Help is also available to students wishing to engage in self-exploration and goal-setting, to discuss relationships or other personal concerns, to develop better coping skills, to obtain information on other community resources, and to discuss other probelms or concerns. Referrals to professionals or treatment programs off campus will be made when it is believed to be appropriate. 10 Career Planning and Placement Career planning begins in the freshman year with an emphasis on exploring both career fields and academic majors. Through interest testing, planning and consulta- tion, students can explore academic disciplines relevant to their interests and over time, establish realistic career directions, develop career strategies and set goals.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

Frequent contact with the career counselor is encouraged to ensure continued de- velopment and movement toward a satisfying career choice. Students are invited to utilize resources in the career library, to participate in off-campus internships and to take advantage of opportunities for part-time and summer employment as bases of ex- perience. These resources are available through the Guidance and Career Counseling Center. Developing skills in resume writing, interviewing and job search strategies are em- phases for junior and senior students. Workshops on these topics are presented on a regular schedule and students are urged to come in for private conferences. Current listings of employment opportunities are available and on-campus interviews are sched- uled with representatives from graduate and professional schools, businesses, indus- tries and government agencies. Student Housing I The dean and associate dean of student affairs coordinate housing in cooperation with residence hall directors and resident assistants. Men who are active members of a fraternity may live in its house after their freshman year. All freshman men and women, unless they are married or live with members of their immediate families in Jackson or vicinity, are required to reside on campus in col- lege residence halls and to dine on campus, also. Exceptions to this policy are unusual and must be authorized through the Office of the Dean of Student Affairs. Residence hall rooms are designed to house two students each. Students should send the completed housing form and the college deposit as soon as possible. Assign- ments are made in the order in which the deposit and a completed application are received. Students wishing to room together should make every effort to pay the col- lege deposit at the same time and to specify their desire to room together. Room prefer- ences are honored unless the rooms are already taken by students who are eligible for them.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

REFUNDS- Room rent cannot be refunded after the semester has begun. Un- used amounts paid in advance for board are refundable. A student who withdraws with good reason from a course or courses will have seven days including the date of the first meeting of classes to receive a refund of 80 percent of tuition and fees; within two weeks, 60 percent; within three weeks, 40 percent, and within four weeks, 20 percent. If a student remains in college as long as four weeks, no refund will be made except for board. The date of withdrawal from which all claims to reductions and refunds will be referred is the date on which the director of records is officially notified by the student of the intention to withdraw. (See regulations relative to withdrawals.) The college reserves the right to cancel the registration of any student at any time. In such a case, the pro rata portion of tuition will be returned. Students withdrawing or removed under disciplinary action forfeit the right to a refund. MEAL PLAN -Students living in college or fraternity housing are required to par- ticipate in the college meal plan. STUDENTS ROOMING IN FRATERNITY HOUSES- Rules regarding payment of board and fees applicable to other campus residents will be observed by these students. 16 REVISION OF CHARGES- Millsaps College reserves the privilege of changing any or all charges at any time without prior notice. Scholarships and Financial Aid Millsaps College grants scholarships and financial aid to students on two bases: academic excellence and financial need. Information may be obtained from the Dean of Student Aid Financial Planning. Financial aid is not available to international students. In instances of financial need, the amount of aid granted is based on information submitted by the College Scholarship Service of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Scholarship Service assists in determining the student's need for financial assistance.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

Slay Ministerial Loan Fund United Methodist Student Loan Fund George R. and Rose Williams Endowed Loan Fund Additional Financial Aid Opportunities Part-time Employment: Students who want part-time work on campus must ap- ply through the Awards Committee. Students seeking employment off campus may con- tact the Placement Office. The College Work-Study Program has been established from funds contributed by the federal government and the college to provide financial assistance through em- ployment. State Student Incentive Grants are provided by Millsaps, the state of Mississippi and the federal government. These funds are to help qualified students with substantial financial need. Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants are provided by the federal government to provide supplemental grants to other aid to assist in making available the benefits of higher education to qualified students of exceptional financial need who, for lack of financial means of their own or their families, would be unable to obtain an education without such aid. The Pell Grant was established by the Educational Amendments of 1972 and is funded by the federal government. When the grant is fully funded, each student is enti- tled each academic year to a grant of $2,100 less family contribution (method of deter- mining this contribution to be set by the U.S. Commissioner of Education), or half the college cost, whichever is less. 21 Student Life Campus Ministry Religious life at Millsaps centers around the churches of the city of Jackson and the religious life program coordinated through the Campus Ministry Team and other organizations on campus. Churches provide communities of faith for students, faculty, and staff. The campus religious life program works to enhance the spiritual growth of members of the community. The emphasis is on the development of an informed com- mitment to a life of faith in the world. To meet this goal, the campus ministry program at Millsaps utilizes as fully as pos- sible the experiences of students in the classroom and the questions raised about the meaning of a life of faith as a point of departure.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

Programs concerning the relationship of faith to issues raised in the classroom, to questions about the focus of one's life and to questions about the relation of faith to global concerns are a focal point of the cam- pus ministry program of the college. Campus ministry at Millsaps is coordinated through the Campus Ministry Team, a group of approximately 70-80 students and staff, with faculty advisor, who plan for the college community. The team works through task groups responsible for the vari- ous programs and projects of the Team: the weekly chapel services, voluntary service opportunities, faculty-student forums on various issues, sponsorship of events on the Friday Forum Series, devotional booklets written by students, faculty and staff; events in connection with the annual Student Symposium and others. In addition to the Campus Ministry Team, the Fellowship of Christian Athletes spon- sors a group on campus, as does the Catholic Church in the form of Catholic Campus Ministries. All campus ministry is strongly ecumenical. Furthermore, in addition to the College Chaplain, the college has been fortunate to have additional parttime and fulltime persons at various times working on campus through the United Methodist Mission In- tern Program, the Catholic VOICE program and Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship. The Office of the Chaplain serves as a liaison with churches, the United Methodist conferences and other groups and agencies in the city and state, provides resources for events on and off campus related to various campus ministry concerns and actively participates in the work of the United Methodist conferences to which the college relates. Public Events Committee The Public Events Committee receives funds from the student government to sponsor programs of general interest to the campus and community. Its major activity is the Fri- day Forum Series— a continuing slate of speakers presented each Friday during the academic year.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

The objective of the series is to provide information and stimulate in- terest in current issues, to explore historical events, and to present differing perspec- tives on controversial subjects. Faculty members, local authorities and national experts are invited to present their thoughts on a variety of literary, cultural, scientific, political, religious and historical topics. In addition to the Forum Series, the Public Events Committee sponsors special events throughout the academic year. It provides funds to student organizations and academ- ic departments interested in organizing programs open to the entire campus. These include films, guest speakers, and music recitals. All of these activities have to do with the true aim of liberal education: the liberation of the mind to grasp the world of nature and of human experience and action in all its richness and complexity, and to respond with awareness, sensitivity, concern, and mature judgment. Athletics The athletic policy of Millsaps College is based on the premise that athletics exist for the benefit of the students and not primarily to enhance the prestige and publicity of the college. Competitive sports conducted in an atmosphere of good sportsmanship and fair play can make a significant contribution to the complete physical, emotional, moral, and 24 mental development of the well-rounded individual. They are thus an integral part of a program of liberal education. An attempt is made to provide a sports-for-all program and to encourage as many students as possible to participate. Intercollegiate The program for men includes football, basketball, baseball, tennis, golf, and soc- cer. The women's program includes basketball, tennis, soccer, cross country, and golf. The programs are conducted on guidelines established by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for Division III institutions. Those who participate in intercollegiate athletics are required to observe and main- tain the same academic standards as other students.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

Intramural The program for men provides competition among campus organizations in basket- ball, volleyball, softball, tennis, and soccer. The program for women includes volley- ball, tennis, basketball, softball, and soccer. Publications The Purple and White is the official student newspaper of the college, and its staff is composed of individuals interested in campus journalism. The P&W endeavors to provide coverage of all Millsaps events, as well as to serve as a forum for discussion and exploration of ideas. Now in its eighty-first year, the Bobashela is the annual student publication of Mill- saps College, attempting to give a comprehensive view of campus life. Bobashela is an Indian name for good friend. Through Stylus, the college literary magazine, students interested in creative writ- ing are given an opportunity to see their work in print. The publication comes out twice each year and contains the best poetry, short stories and essays submitted by Millsaps students. Music and Drama The Millsaps Singers Open by audition to all students, the Singers represent Millsaps in public perfor- mances, campus programs and annual tours throughout the state and other areas of the United States. In recent years the choir has traveled to Colorado; to Washington, D.C.; to Atlanta to record for the National Protestant Hour; and to Mexico. The choir has sung with the Memphis Symphony Orchestra three times, the Jackson Symphony many times, the Chicago Chamber Orchestra and the New Orleans Philharmonic. The Troubadours Auditions are held each fall for membership in the Troubadours, a show choir of 16 students selected from the Singers. The Troubadours represent the college at numer- ous campus, high school, and cultural functions throughout the region. The Wind Ensemble The Wind Ensemble is an important performing group within the Music Department. Made up of brass, woodwinds, and percussion, this ensemble is open to all students with instrumental and musical experience.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

They enjoy giving performances alone or in concert with the Millsaps Singers. The Millsaps Players The Millsaps Players, now in their seventh decade, produce four full-length plays each year. In addition, they present several one-act plays directed by senior theatre majors. Casting for all plays is done by audition, open to all students. Participation in Players productions, either onstage or backstage, earns credit toward membership in Alpha Psi Omega, national honorary dramatics fraternity. Among the major productions staged in recent years are The Tempest, Ring Round the Moon, Biloxi Blues, Ghosts, 25 Equus, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Camino Real, West Side Story, Sweet Bird of Youth, l-iedda Gabler, She Stoops to Conquer, Summer and Smoke, Dar\< of the Moon, AH My Sons, Much Ado About Nothing, Shenandoah, and Tea and Sympathy. Student Organizations Student Body Association All regularly enrolled students of Millsaps are members of the Student Body As- sociation. Those taking at least 12 hours or part-time students who pay the Student Body Association fee have full power of voting. The Millsaps Student Body Association is governed by the Student Senate, the Student Judicial Council, and the Student Body Association Officers. The Student Senate is composed of 36 voting members elected from the Millsaps Student Body Association. Members of the Student Senate are chos- en by the fhird Tuesday in September and serve their constituency the length of the academic year. Student Body Association Officers of the Student Senate are elected at large from the Millsaps Student Body Association. The officers are president, first vice-president, second vice-president, secretary, and treasurer. The officers serve a term beginning and ending in January. Student Senate meetings are held on a regular basis with special meetings called by the secretary at the request of 1) the president of the Senate, 2) the Senate, 3) seven members of the Senate, 4) the president of the college.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1989-1990

Membership is open to all full-time freshmen who achieve a grade-point average of 3.5 in either the first semester or both semesters of the freshman year. Pi Delta Phi is a national French honor society which recognizes attainment and scholarship in the study of the French language and literature. Its purpose is to honor those students having earned a minimum of 18 semester hours in French, and who have a high scholastic average in all subjects. Schiller Gesellschaft was founded in order to give recognition to those students who have shown excellence in the study of German and in order to provide a forum for the study of all aspects of German civilization. Sigma Delta Pi, the international Spanish honorary, was established at Millsaps College on Feb. 24, 1968. This honor society recognizes attainment and scholarship in the study of the Spanish language and literature. Membership is open to students with a high scholastic average in all subjects who also possess at least a B average in Spanish. Membership is limited to those having at least three college years of Span- ish including a minimum of three hours of literature. 27 Sigma Lambda is a leadership and service honorary society whose members are primarily sophomores selected on the basis of character, scholarship, and involvement in college and community activities. It brings together student leaders from many phases of campus life along with a limited number of faculty members to provide opportunities for service to the Millsaps community and to act as a channel for the exchange of infor- mation about campus events and concerns. Sigma Pi Sigma, a national honor society in physics, was established at Millsaps in February 1988. Its purpose is to honor excellence in physics. Sigma Tau Delta is the national English honor society. The purposes of the socie- ty are (a) to confer distinction for high achievement in English language and literature in undergraduate, graduate, and professional studies; (b) to promote interest in litera- ture and the English language on local campuses and their surrounding communities; and (c) to foster the discipline of English in all its aspects, including creative and critical writing.


Middlebury Campus 1987-03-13 : Volume 82, Issue 17

King also emphasized the ability of corporate America to discriminate against minorities. He asked a group of students to join hands in a circle and not to allow anyone to penetrate the group. He demonstrated that, as individuals, no one in the group would exclude “outsiders”, but as a part of a larger whole, the individual's beliefs and values were over¬ shadowed by the desire to keep the group as it was. He explained that all too often we allow society’s institutions to perpetuate themselves without questioning their moral sensitivity. continued on page 4 By Beth C. Winters Anger, frustraton, disgust, and confusion were just some of the emotions present in Mead Chapel Wednesday evening as Dr. Charles King delivered a lecture on racial sensitivity. King’s long awaited arrival came after his lecture was postponed from two previous dates this winter due to illness on one occassion and bad weather conditions on the other. King began his presentation in quite an aggressive man¬ ner by angering much of his audience with statements such as "The basic problems are white attitudes.” And he explained that part of the pro¬ blem was that blacks and whites alike were often un¬ willing to come right out and state that whites are responsi¬ ble for racism in America. He proceeded with this tactic un¬ til he sensed that the au¬ dience understood his fun¬ damental point: that blacks are oppressed by whites much in the same way that he oppressed his audience. He remarked that just as the au¬ dience was upset by the rules that he placed upon the com¬ munity in Mead, blacks were angered by the rules of white America. King used a variety of other tactics to reinforce his point. He asked a number of black students to express their sen¬ timents on being black in the white dominated society of Middlebury College.


We believe the time has come when high school seniors across this country should stop having to pay to take a test which in¬ dicates the socio-economic position of the student's parents rather than the stu¬ dent’s ability to work. Why do minorities do worse on the test than their educational disadvantages can account for? How substantive can the test be if some coaching com¬ panies regularly improve scores more than 150 points? How genuine are the scores if so many people are known to cheat on such poorly proc- tored exams? How can Educational Testing Services (ETS), which makes the SAT, be trusted to monitor its own performance when this, their most profitable test, accounts for much of their revenue? The Scholastic Aptitude Test is not objective: it is not a Valid or reliable standard. Great as it might be to have such a touchstone, this test is not it. As David Owen writes in his devastating book, None of the Above, “There is nothing ge¬ nuinely objective about a test like the SAT: it is written, compiled, keyed, and inter¬ preted by highly subjective human beings. The principal difference between it and a test that can't be graded by a machine is that it leaves no room for more than one cor¬ rect answer.” ETS does not have a monopoly on knowledge, though we are measured by its reasear- need not require their students to take the SAT, because most colleges no longer admit selectively. If they are going to let everyone in anyway, why should they require their applicants to spend time and money on a test they don’t need? This means that Brown, and your school, as well as a few continued on page 3 chers’ judgments. Needless to say, many who think creative¬ ly or split hairs do not do well on such a test, though they do well in school.


We’re just frustrated because whoever is stealing is actually taking the lifeblood of the station. It’s really a sign of disrespect for WRMC." denial still seen as major problem During Levin’s captivity, Lucille Levin organized the OND to raise consciousness, help under-developed countries force would be drafting its report in the next four to six weeks which will include their recomendations as to what should be done. A student then asked if the task force had found any com¬ mon denominators in drug abuse. Megathlin said that alcohol abuse seemed to be a common factor, but agreed that not everyone who drank would become a drug abuser. Dean Lindholm said he thought that the main pro¬ blem was with addiction, not the individual substances. Lindholm noted that Nick Lieder had said that when he stopped using cocaine, he turned to alcohol and mari¬ juana instead, replacing one substance with another. He remarked that in dealing with drug use, one cannot only focus on drugs besides alcohol. Professor Riess add¬ ed at this point that he per¬ sonally was very sensitive to the issue of personal freedom and personal privacy. He said that he would be ’appalled’ at the use of drug testing and would do anything he could to oppose its implementation. The members of the task force concurred that testing would not be one of their recomendations. One student brought up the possibility that lack of weekend activity might be a cause of drug and alcohol problems. Several other students agreed, saying that the only activities on weekends, such as going downtown or to fraternity parties, seemed to be alcohol related. Another student countered that people should be creative and be able to find activities on campus on weekends which do not in¬ volve drinking.


The students’ project is centered in Alegieias, a rural area in Western Columbia where most of the people are involv¬ ed in agriculture. The women of the area have a long tradi- tion of making acepas (tortillas) from a white com dough. There is a large de¬ mand for the product in Cali- Valle, which is 70 km away. Unfortunately, the collec¬ tion of the com, its processing into acepas, and the final marketing is expensive both in time and money needed for transportation. The project helps increase the income of the women producers by cut¬ ting down these costs. For in¬ stance, a store will be built to house a grinder so that the women will be able to grind the com in their own village. Five tons of com will also be purchased to initiate the pro¬ ject. Profits from this project will be channeled into improv¬ ing the educational facilities of the village. Once students at Mid¬ dlebury become educated in and aware of the preceding issues, we will begin our own development project. The ODN will cover the funding of the project, while we will sup¬ ply both knowledge and com¬ mitment to the effort. Students can become actively involved in a grassroots pro¬ ject through a special intern¬ ship program, in which several students will be chosen to go to the develop¬ ment project and help in its organization; helping the peo¬ ple to help themselves. The ODN will be sponsoring numerous campus events in the coming years. We hope that through our efforts more students will become concern¬ ed with the problems of developing countries and that through ODN this concern can be channeled into con¬ structive measures for the developing world. The ODN has arranged a weekly lec¬ ture series in which various faculty members will speak on the issue of development from their respective fields.


The accompa¬ nying soundtrack album, available now, is a compilia- tion of diverse music that argues convincingly that more lives and rocks in Athens than REM and post- REM imitation bands. All the tracks on the album except for Pylon's “Stop It” are recorded live, which preserves what seems to be the only common denominator of Athen’s music: a strong minimalist dominance. The Squall's “Na Na Na Na,” recorded at The 40 Watt Club, is certainly one of best tracks on the album and is distinct from the rest of the bands in that it incor¬ porates keyboards and a very audible female backup singer. Hie song itself, lyrical¬ ly and vocally, conjures up By Zach Egan and Scott Desimon It seems that whenever Athens" Georgia, is mention¬ ed by music critics, REM is sure to be mentioned in the next breath. Although, REM is the most popular band from Athens, it is by no means the only. IRS records and a film crew set out to shed new light on Athens and expose the proverbial new music gold mine that exists there. Ever since the release of REM's in¬ dependent single “Radio Free Europe/Sitting Still" in 1980, Athens seems to have been producing more than its share of creative and highly innovative new bands. There is no doubt that the Universi¬ ty of Georgia, which is located in Athens, deserves much credit, as most of the bands either are, or have been students there. In fact, one track on the album was recorded at the SAE fraterni¬ ty house. Aware of the Athens scene, director Terry. Gayton and director Bill Cody spent The Arts Calendar Beginning next weekend, the Vermont Repertory Theatre will present Dancing With the Devil, a play about Eugene O’Neill written by Jeff Ryback of Burlington.


Every great restaurant has its own house specialty and Proctor Hall is no different. It offered brown lettuce salad, which is certainly on the cut¬ ting edge of culinary art. Needless to say the salad was the best part of the meal, if one does not count the milk and orange juice. Not only does one find ex¬ cellent house specialties in the finest bistros, but also a certain distinct atmosphere as well. Here again Proctor Hall follows that trend. There seemed-'to be a garrulous, talkative ambience in the restaurant. It was as though everyone knew one another and were eating in large groups. My colleague and I concluded that it was most impressive that Proctor Hall could maintain this unique dining atmosphere. Everyone must have been talking about the wonderful plastic place mats that his of her plates rested upon. Proctor Hall was a most in¬ teresting eating experience. I would give it a five stars for atmosphere, two and a half for service and none for the meal. I may eat at Proctor Hall again in the future, but the next time I am in Mid¬ dlebury, Vermont I think I am going to try the Crest Room. Keeping students’ issues in the students 9 hands continued from page 3 ing drinking on campus. In general, adminstrations are not striving to regain the authority relinquished fifteen years ago. Most instances of increased administration con¬ trol have resulted from the failure of students to police themselves, as well as the threat of increased litigation. Here at Middlebury, Dean Wonnacott has repeatedly said that she is displeased by students' increasing unwill¬ ingness to take responsibility for their own lives, but also added that if the situation demanded it, she could forsee greater intervention in student-governed areas. Yet, at Middlebury the outlook is perhaps not as bleak.


Izvestiia of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Sailors, Soldiers and Workers of the town of Kronstadt

Our country is enduring a difficult moment. Hunger, cold and economic ruin have held us in an iron vice these three years already. The Communist Party, which rules the country, has become separated from the masses, and shown itself unable to lead her from her state of general ruin. It has not faced the reality of the disturbances which in recent times have occurred in Petrograd and Moscow. This unrest shows clearly enough that the party has lost the faith of the working masses. Neither has it recognized the demands presented by the workers. It considers them plots of the counterrevolution. It is deeply mistaken. This unrest, these demands, are the voice of the people in its entirety, of all laborers. All workers, sailors and soldiers see clearly at the present moment that only through common effort, by the common will of the laborers, is it possible to give the country bread, wood, and coal, to dress the barefoot and naked, and to lead the Republic out of this dead end. This will of all laborers, soldiers and sailors was definitively expressed at the Garrison Meeting of our town on Tuesday, March 1st. At that meeting, the resolution of ships' crews of the 1st and 2nd Brigades was passed unanimously. Among the decisions taken, it was decided to immediately carry out new elections to the Soviet, for these elections to be carried out on a fairer basis, and specifically, in such a way that true representation of the laborers would be found in the Soviet, and that the Soviet would be an active and energetic organ. On March 2nd of this year, delegates from all sailor, soldier and worker organizations gathered in the House of Education. It was proposed to form at this Conference a basis for new elections, in order to then enter into peaceful work on redesigning the Soviet structure.


In view of the fact that the present Soviets do not express the will of the workers and peasants, to immediately hold new elections to the Soviets by secret ballot, with freedom of pre-election agitation for all workers and peasants. 2. Freedom of speech and press for workers and peasants, anarchists and left socialist parties. 3. Freedom of assembly of both trade unions and peasant associations. 4. To convene not later than March 10th, 1921 a non-party Conference of workers, soldiers and sailors of the city of Petrograd, of Kronstadt, and of Petrograd province. 5. To free all political prisoners of socialist parties, and also all workers and peasants, soldiers and sailors imprisoned in connection with worker and peasant movements. 6. To elect a Commission for the review of the cases of those held in prisons and concentration camps. 7. To abolish all POLITOTDELS, since no single party should be able to have such privileges for the propaganda of its ideas and receive from the state the means for these ends. In their place must be established locally elected cultural-educational commissions, for which the state must provide resources. 8. To immediately remove all anti-smuggling roadblock detachments. 9. To equalize the rations of all laborers, with the exception of those in work injurious to health. 10. To abolish the Communist fighting detachments in all military units, and also the various guards kept in factories and plants by the communists, and if such guards or detachments are needed, they can be chosen in military units from the companies, and in factories and plants by the discretion of the workers. 1 1 . To give the peasants full control over their own land, to do as they wish, and also to keep cattle, which must be maintained and managed by their own strength, that is, without using hired labor. 12. We appeal to all military units, and also to the comrade cadets to lend their support to our resolution. 13.


Com., the sailor Petrichenko, on the Committee's actions from the moment of its election up to the previous day. Comrade Petrichenko underscored the full battle readiness of the entire garrison of the fortress, and of the ships, and the enthusiasm which filled all together and each individually, from the workers to the soldiers and sailors. The meeting greeted the newly elected members of the Committee and the President's concluding words with stormy applause. Moving on to business, the Conference considered first of all the question of produce and heating material. It was made clear that the town and garrison are fully provided for both produce and heating material. On the question of arming the workers, the Conference mandated the arming of the working masses. This was completed to the loud approval of the workers themselves, and cries of "victory or death." The workers were assigned the internal guard of the town, since the sailors and soldiers are bursting for active work in the combat detachments. Further, it was decided to newly elect within three days the administrations of all unions, and also the Soviet of Unions. This is the leading organ of the workers, and will be in constant contact with the Provisional Revolutionary Committee. Then reports from various places were given by comrade sailors who had broken through to Kronstadt from Petrograd, Strelna, Peterhof and Oranienbaum. From their information it is seen that the populace and workers of these towns are being kept by the Communists in total unawareness of what is being done in Kronstadt. Provocative rumors are being let out to the effect that some kind of gang of White Guards and generals is running things in Kronstadt. This last information called forth the general laughter of the sailors and workers at the assembly. It reached an even more comical mood during the reading of a "Communist manifesto," tossed on Kronstadt from an airplane.


With the attendance, also, of commissions and delegations elected at factories and plants, among whom were hundreds of non-party workingmen, workingwomen, sailors and soldiers. A little bunch of adventurers and counter-revolutionaries has led Kronstadt astray. Under cover of the Petropavlovsk sailors, spies sent by French counterintelligence have unquestionably been active. They tell the sailors that the whole matter is a struggle for "democracy," that they do not want the shedding of blood, and that the mutiny is passing without a single shot, for some kind of "democracy." French capitalists' spies, tsarist generals, and their faithful helpers the Mensheviks and SR's can struggle for such democracy. If it had ever been fated for them to achieve success, the exploits of this gang of thieves and traitors would inescapably have led to the reestablishment of bourgeois power, and to bloody reprisal against the workers and peasants. The Mensheviks and SR's, pointing to the difficult economic situation of the Soviet Republic, say that the Communists have been incapable of economic construction. But who, for three years, did not allow the Russian workers and peasants the possibility of peaceful economic construction? If anyone worked to create hunger and economic ruin, then it was the Mensheviks and SR's. They have supported every counterrevolutionary rebellion, tirelessly fanned the flames of civil war in the name of re-establishing the power of landlords and capitalists, and directed international imperialists against Soviet Russia. The leaders of the conspiracy say that they captured power in Kronstadt without a shot. But this occurred only because Soviet power wished to overcome this conflict by peaceful means. It cannot continue thus. The international bourgeoisie is raising its head. There is exultation in the camp of the enemies of the working class, exultation which may any day pour out in a new campaign against Soviet Russia.


You will deceive the laborers no more! Your hopes are futile, Communists, and your threats powerless. The ninth wave* of the Laborers' Revolution has arisen, and will wash the stinking slanderers and tyrants, with the defilement brought by their actions, from the face of Soviet Russia. We will not be needing your mercy, Lord Trotsky! THEY CONTINUE TO SLANDER The Communists have well mastered the old Jesuit tactic, "slander and slander, and with luck something will stick." And they slander. In powerless spite, pathetic and confused, they spread the most outlandish rumors about events in Kronstadt among the workers and soldiers of Petrograd. At work here, as radio messenger Rosta would have you believe, are the Entente, and French spies, and White Guards, and tsarist generals, and Mensheviks, and SR's, and the Estonian bourgeoisie, and Finnish bankers, and the Entente's counterintelligence. In a word, the entire world has taken up arms against the poor Communists. Moreover, they assure the Petrograd workers that "French agents and former tsarist officers sneaked into Kronstadt, and, using gold, corrupted elements lacking class consciousness." Well imagine that! And we, the Kronstadters, didn't know a thing about it! And just in case these "facts" didn't convince the Peter workers, Rosta reports such horrors. "By coincidence at the very moment when a new Republican government is coming into administration in America, and displaying a bent to enter into trade relations with Soviet Russia, the spread of provocative rumors and rigging of disorders in Kronstadt clearly works toward influencing the new American President, and preventing change in American policy relative to Russia. At the same time, the London Conference is conferring, and these provocative rumors must certainly act on the Turkish delegation, making it obedient to the Entente's demands." This then is what the Communists, confused by an unexpected blow, agreed upon: French agents brought gold to Kronstadt, in order to influence the American President and the pliability of the Turkish delegation!


(radio messenger Rosta) The French newspaper Matin reported, from the words of its Helsingfors correspondent, that an uprising against Soviet power had begun in Kronstadt. On February 14th, there was report of a rebellion in the Baltic Fleet, and of the arrest of the commissars of the Baltic Fleet. The Soviet Government supposed, based on previous experience, that agents of French capitalists in league with former tsarist generals were preparing a mutiny in Kronstadt. As has now become clear, French agents and former tsarist officers sneaked into Kronstadt, and, using gold, corrupted elements lacking class consciousness. The fantastic reports by counterintelligence, spreading legends three weeks ago about an uprising in Kronstadt, were simply ahead of events. Recently, White Guard leaflets have appeared in Kronstadt and Petrograd, and known French spies have been captured during the arrests. At the same time, the SR's began an increased agitation among the workers and sailors in Kronstadt and Petrograd, using the difficult situation with produce and heat. On February 28th, a reactionary resolution was passed on the ship Petropavlovsk. However, by demand of the sailors it was reworked, and passed on the following day in a new edition. In this was included the demand for new elections to the Soviet. Our comrades did not object, and proposed to form a Commission of sailors' and workers' representatives at the House of Education, to decide the question finally. Elections began, but counterrevolutionary elements decided to ruin this Commission, and demanded before all else that it take place on the Petropavlovsk. On March 2nd, open action against Soviet power was already occurring on the Petropavlovsk, with the participation of Mensheviks and SR's, who hid under the non- party banner. The official president of the mutineers' organization is the former clerk Petrichenko, and the secretary is Tukin, a sailor, but in fact everything is run by Captain Burkser, and General Kozlovsky is a prominent figure among the former tsarist officers.


On March 2nd, the Soviet of Labor and Defense, decided to declare former general Kozlovsky and his co-conspirators outlawed, to declare the city of Petrograd and Petrograd province under martial law, and to hand over all power in the Petrograd consolidated region to the Defense Committee of the City of Petrograd. The following day, demoralization began to show among the supporters of the mutinous organization on the Petropavlovsk. The organization's leaders, in order to raise the spirits of their supporters, announced that in the end it would be possible to leave for the Finnish shore. At the same time, the White Guard press spread lying reports, talking as if the Estonian bourgeoisie supported the insurgents. On March 4th, at an expanded session of the Petrograd Soviet, Comrade Zinoviev gave a thorough report on the events in Kronstadt, after which the meeting unanimously passed an appeal to the workers, sailors and soldiers of Kronstadt. This exposed the dirty work of the spies sent by French counterintelligence, and of the Mensheviks and SR's who had worked on the events which were occurring.** The appeal notes that Soviet Power is able to differentiate unknowing, mistaken toilers from intentional counterrevolutionaries. In a military sense, Kronstadt does not present a danger to Petrograd, for the fort of Krasnaya Gorka has command over Kronstadt, and can crush it at any moment. The entire Krasnaya Gorka garrison curses the mutineers, and is bursting for battle. There is complete calm in Petrograd, and even those small factories where gatherings with attacks on Soviet power by individuals occurred earlier, have recognized the provocation. They have understood what the agents of the Entente and counterrevolution are pushing them to do. An 8 thousand person meeting of Peter seamen unanimously passed a resolution supporting Soviet power, and the Petrograd garrison has not wavered for a moment.


Demoralization grows among the sailors, and a meaningful number of the sailors have a dislike for General Kozlovsky and the officers. The number of those deserting to us grows. Radiograms and newspapers received from abroad show that, simultaneous with the events in Kronstadt, the enemies of Soviet Russia are spreading the most fantastic fabrications abroad, saying that there are disorders in Russia. They say that the Soviet Government has supposedly fled to the Crimea, that Moscow supposedly is in the hands of the rebels, that blood pours in torrents through the streets of Petrograd, and so on. The SR organization abroad has received from somewhere a huge quantity of tsarist banknotes, and is letting out rumors in order, among other reasons, to raise the rate for tsarist money, and dump it more profitably. By coincidence at the very moment when a new Republican government is coming into administration in America, and displaying a bent to enter into trade relations with Soviet Russia, the spread of provocative rumors and rigging of disorders in Kronstadt clearly works toward influencing the new American President, and preventing change in American policy relative to Russia. At the same time, the London Conference is conferring, and these provocative rumors must certainly act on the Turkish delegation, making it obedient to the Entente's demands. There is no doubt that the actions taking place on the Petropavlovsk are merely a component part of a grandiose plan of provocation. This plan, besides creating internal difficulties for Soviet Russia, is intended to shatter her international standing. Before us in the case at hand is the provocation work of the world reaction of Entente stockbrokers, and of agents of Entente counterintelligence agencies working by their orders. In Russia itself, the main figures carrying out these policies are a tsarist general and former officers, whose activities are supported by Mensheviks and SR's.


NOTICE The Town Health Department brings to the attention of all doctors, doctors' assistants, and citizens, that under issuance of prescriptions for additional food, the following rules must be followed: in the prescription must be specified the first and family names of the patient, the exact diagnosis and the address. First in order of fullfillment are prescriptions issued to children suffering from infectious diseases, and then from pulmonary and renal diseases, and then adults with infectious diseases. Prescriptions are given to the selection commission at the Town Hospital from 10 to 12 A.M. daily. Return issue takes place on the following day from 1 1 to 12 A.M., with prescriptions not picked up in 3 days being considered annulled. All prescriptions issued before March 5th are also annulled. The present rules were worked out in consultation with doctors, doctors' assistants, a representative of the Town Hospital and the Gorkommuna of the City Health Department. This consultation requests all comrade doctors and doctor's assistants to view the issuance of prescriptions with the highest degree of care, keeping in memory the produce difficulties being suffered by the Republic. PLUME, Head of the City Health Department FROM THE ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF KRONSOVDEP 1) The Administration Department instructs all Uchkoms to take measures to clean the footpaths of the town of snow, and also to bring the courtyards into order, involving the broad masses of the populace in the work. The Audit Commission is instructed to take active part in the completion of the works. 2) All Uchkoms having gathered passports from citizens are instructed to return such to the citizens into their own hands. ANNOUNCEMENT All military units, workers' associations and organizations may receive Izvestiia of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee' and pamphlets at Sevtsentropechat in accordance with the set norm. * By tradition, the ninth wave is the highest in a series (Akhmanova et al., p. 64). ** This appeal was printed by us in full, in No 4, of March 6th.


Well, so be it; we're ready. We will measure our strengths. They rush to act, and yes, they are forced to hurry. The laborers of Russia, despite all the Communist lies, understand what a great endeavor of liberation from three years' slavery is being created in Revolutionary Kronstadt. The butchers are unnerved. The victim of their shameless bestiality, Soviet Russia, is slipping from their torture chamber, and with her, dominion over the laboring people is slipping finally from their criminal hands. The Communist government will send an SOS. The weeklong existence of Free Kronstadt is proof of their powerlessness. One moment more and the worthy answer of our glorious revolutionary ships and forts will sink the ships of the Soviet pirates. They are forced into battle with Revolutionary Kronstadt, which has raised the banner, "Power to Soviets, and not Parties." WE AND THEY Not knowing how to retain the power which is falling from their hands, the Communists are resorting to the most putrid, provocative methods. Their base newspapers have mobilized all forces to set fire to the people's masses, and to paint the Kronstadt as a White Guard movement. Now the gang of "patented" scoundrels has thrown out the slogan, "Kronstadt has sold out to Finland." Their shameless press is already spattering poisonous spit, and now that there has been no success in convincing the proletariat that White Guards were working in Kronstadt, they are attempting to play on national feelings. All the world already knows from our broadcasts what the Kronstadt garrison and workers are fighting for, but the Communists attempt to twist the meanings of events before the Peter brothers. The Communist oprichnina has surrounded the people of Peter with a tight ring of cadet bayonets and the party "guard," and Maliuta Skuratov *(Trotsky) does not allow delegates from the non-party workers and soldiers to enter Kronstadt.


Dino Crisis 2 Strategy Guide

Ah, you can see the know-how of our staff shining through. They've been creating dinosaurs for a long time now since they began with Dino 1. We basically studied animals that are similar to each of the dinosaurs. How were the sounds for the dinosaurs created? Were they created or are they based on actual animal calls? For both the sounds and the animals we used living creatures for inspiration. Then we created the sounds based on those images. Another innovation is the use of Sub Weapons. How did the idea for them come about? Sub Weapons were added after we considered what would be the weapons that would best suit our concept of ‘the exhilaration of defeating a succession of dinosaurs." Defeating dinosaurs is fun, but we wanted the player to decide how best to do it. Then the player could PRIMAGAMES.COM Career Highlights: He was a planner of Dino Crisis and has made his producer debut on Dino Crisis 2. Also, he has been involved in the creation of the Resident Evil series since its premier. He worked as a programmer in Basident Eviland Resident Evil 2, and as-a planner in Resident Evil 3 Nemesis Hobbies: Going to the movies, playing tennis, and skiing. experience a new level of fun by choosing different combinations. To accomplish this we decided to provide players with two types of weapons. What was the most challenging aspect of the Dino Crisis 2 project? — It was the challenge of creating a game that was completely different from Resident Evil series and Dino 7. We had 3 to think up all sorts of new elements that _ “would make the game enjoyable so a player could have "fun shooting at and killing dinosaurs!" What are you most proud of in Dino Crisis 2? What was the most satisfying aspect of the development process?


The practice of Zen

Pure self-awareness is intrinsically and experientially non- dualistic, as the Buddhist sages and those of other re¬ ligions have testified over many centuries. Self-aware¬ ness (the nature of mind) is not the function of know¬ ing, but the knowing itself in its most intrinsic form. When one discovers this self-awareness, he finds his whole being changed. While engaging in any activity, he feels as though he were transcending the activity; he talks and walks, but he feels that his talking and walk¬ ing is not the same as before—he now walks with an opened mind. He actually knows that it is he who is doing the walking; the director—himself—is sitting right in the center of his mind, controlling all his actions with spontaneity. He walks in bright awareness and with illumined spirit. In other words, the man who realizes self-awareness feels that he is no more the obedient servant of blind impulse, but is his own master. He then senses that ordinary people, blind to their innate, bright awareness, tread the streets like walking corpses! If this self-awareness can be retained and cultivated, one will experience the illuminating aspect of the mind called by many mystics Pure Consciousness. When this illuminating consciousness is cultivated to its fullest ex¬ tent, the whole universe is clearly seen to be in its em¬ brace. Many mystics and Buddhists who have been misled consider this to be the highest state—the state of Nirvana, or the final stage of unification with the great Universal or “Cosmic” Consciousness. But, according 44 The Practice of Zen to Zen, this state is still on the edge of Sangsara. Yogis who have reached this state are still bound by the deep- rooted monistic idea, unable to cut off the binding-cord of subtle clinging and release themselves for the “other shore” of perfect freedom.


The practice of Zen

The corpse stood there solidly, with its clothes adhering to it— nothing falling down. The monks then held a conference over this em¬ barrassing corpse, and finally decided to cremate it. The news spread like wildfire, and people from near and far came to see this unique spectacle, all moved to astonishment by such a miracle. But the problem of how to take the corpse to the cremation ground still remained unsolved, as no one could move it. In the meantime Yin Feng’s sister, who was a nun, happened to pass by. Seeing the commotion, she pushed her way forward, approached the corpse, and 56 The Practice of Zen cried, “Hey! You good-for-nothing scoundrel of a brother! When you were alive you never did behave yourself; now you won’t even die decently, but try to bewilder people by all these shenanigans!” Saying this, she slapped the corpse’s face and gave the body a push, and immediately it fell to the ground. [From then on, the funeral proceeded without interruption.] B. Tao Tsung was the teacher of the famous Zen Master, Yun Men. It was he who opened the mind of Yun Men by hurting his leg. Later Tao Tsung re¬ turned to his native town of Mu Chow, as his mother was very old and needed someone to support her. From then on he lived with his mother and earned a living for her and himself by making straw sandals. At that time a great rebellion broke out, led by a man called Huang Tsao. As the insurgent army ap¬ proached Mu Chow, Tao Tsung went to the city gate and hung a big sandal upon it. When Huang Tsao’s army reached the gate they could not force it open, no matter how hard they tried.


The practice of Zen

According to geo- mancy, this is not an auspicious day! I had better die tomorrow in the south suburb.” So the following day they all went out of the south gate. But then Pu Hua changed his mind again, and said to the people that he would rather die the next day in the west suburb. Far fewer people came to escort him the following day; and again Pu Hua changed his mind, saying he would rather postpone his departure from this world for one more day, and die in the north suburb then . By this time people had grown tired of the whole business, so nobody escorted him when the next day came. Pu Hua even had to carry the coffin by himself to the north suburb. When he arrived there, he sat down inside the coffin, holding his staff, and waited until he saw some pedestrians approaching. He then asked them if they would be so good as to nail the coffin up for him after he had died. When they agreed, he lay down in it and passed away. The pedestrians then nailed the coffin up as they had promised to do. Word of this event soon reached town, and people began to arrive in swarms. Someone then suggested that they open the coffin and take a look at the corpse inside. When they did, however, they found, to their surprise, nothing in it! Before they had recovered from this shock, suddenly, from the sky above, they heard the familiar sound of the small bells jingling on the staff which Pu Hua had carried with him all his life. At first the jingling sound was very loud, as if it came from close at hand; then it became fainter and 58 The Practice of Zen fainter, until finally it faded entirely away.


The practice of Zen

Mere words cannot sustain a religion; empty talk cannot convince people nor uphold the faith of believers. If Zen had not consistently brought forth “accomplished beings” who, on the one hand, realized the Inner Truth and, on the other, gave concrete evidence of their Enlightenment, it could never have overshadowed all the other Schools of Buddhism in its motherland and survived for over a thousand years. Buddhist Enlightenment is not an empty theory or a matter of wishful thinking. It is a concrete fact that can be tried and proved. In the preceding story, when the Chief Monk was challenged by Chiu Feng, he courageously testified to his understanding by actually liberating his consciousness-soul from his physi¬ cal body within a few minutes. Who, without having some inner realization of Zen Truth, could possibly per¬ form such a remarkable feat? But, surprisingly, even this outstanding achievement failed to meet the standard of Zen! To be able to free oneself from life and death in their literal sense is still far from the objective of the Zen Masters’ teaching! The Nature of Zen 61 Judging Zen from this standpoint, how pitiful we find the babblings of those “experts” who know nothing but Zen prattle, and who not only abhor the existence of this type of koan, but purposely misinterpret it in their “Zen” preachings and writings—or completely omit it as if it had never existed! It is suggested, therefore, that the reader of this book look carefully for the differences between genuine and imitation Zen—between the Zen which comes from the heart and that which comes from the mouth, between the Zen of concrete realization and that of mere words, between the Zen of true knowledge and that of prevarication. Drawing these discriminatory lines, the reader will no longer be mystified, or be¬ wildered by false prophets of Zen.


The practice of Zen

Each of them had one outstanding disciple, namely Ma Tsu (7-788) and ShihTou (700-790), respectively; and they, in turn, had several remarkable disciples who founded, either directly or indirectly, the five major Zen sects existing in those times, i.e., Lin Chi, Tsao Tung, I Yang, Yun Men, and Fa Yen. As time went on all five of these major sects were consolidated into either the Tsao Tung (Japanese: Soto) or the Lin Chi (Japanese: Rinzai) sect. The Tsao Tung and Lin Chi are thus the only sects of Zen Buddhism extant today. Zen, after the period of Hui Neng, spread to almost every corner of China and gradually became the most popular school of Buddhism in that country. It was widely accepted and practiced by both monks and lay¬ men from all walks of life. Through the efforts of Hui Neng and his disciples, the unique styles and traditions 64 The Practice of Zen of Zen, which I have outlined briefly in the preceding chapter, gradually emerged. The first two hundred years of Zen produced in suc¬ cession six Patriarchs—Bodhidharma being the first and Hui Neng the sixth. During this time Zen kept its plain and original Indian style without the introduction of any radical or bizarre elements such as are found in the later periods of Zen history. In this early period Zen was unembellished, understandable, outspoken, and matter-of-fact. Because of a lack of documentation con¬ cerning Zen practice in this early period, we do not know very clearly the exact manner in which Zen was actually practiced. We can only say with assurance that there were no koan exercises, and no shouting, kicking, crying, or beating “performances” such as those found at the present time. Several things, however, happened during this epoch. First, certain verbal instructions con¬ cerning Zen practice must have been handed down thr ough the succession from Bodhidharma to Hui Neng.


The practice of Zen

Objectively speaking, both of these approaches possess their merits and demerits, their ad¬ vantages as well as their disadvantages. If one wants to by-pass the recondite and cryptic Zen elements and try to graph directly a plain and tangible instruction that is genuinely practical, the Tsao Tung approach is prob¬ ably the more suitable. But if one wants to penetrate more deeply to the core of Zen, and is willing to accept the initial hardships and frustrations, the approach of the Lin Chi sect—the most prevalent and popular Zen sect in both China and Japan today—is probably pref¬ erable. I personally do not think the Tsao Tung ap¬ proach is a poor one, although it may not produce a realization as deep and as “free” as that of the Lin Chi in the beginning stages. However, the plain, tangible approach of Tsao Tung may be much better suited to 66 The Practice of Zen the people of the twentieth century. This is mainly be¬ cause the koan exercise—the mainstay if not the only stay of the Lin Chi practice—is too difficult and too uncongenial for the modern mind. Besides, in practicing Zen by means of the koan exercise, one must constantly rely on a competent Zen Master from beginning to end. This again presents a difficult problem. A third objec¬ tion to the koan exercise is that it tends to create a con¬ stant strain on the mind, which will not relieve, but only intensify, the deadly mental tensions which many people suffer in this atomic age. Nevertheless, if one can receive constant guidance under a competent Zen Master and live in a favorable environment, the koan exercise may prove to be a better method in the long run. Nowadays, when Zen practice is mentioned, people immediately think of the koan (or Hua Tou) exercise as though there were no other way of practicing Zen.


The practice of Zen

The Hua Tou exer¬ cise did not gain its popularity until the latter part of the Sung Dynasty in the eleventh century. From Bo- dhidharma to Hui Neng, and from Hui Neng all the way through Lin Chi and Tang Shan—a total period of ap¬ proximately four hundred years—no established system of Hua Tou exercises can be traced. The outstanding Zen Masters of this period were great “artists”; they were very flexible and versatile in their teaching, and never confined themselves to any one system. It was mainly through the eloquent Master Tsung Kao (1089- 1163) that the Hua Tou exercise became the most pop¬ ular, if not the only, means by which Zen students have practiced during the past eight centuries. Here the in¬ teresting question is, How, before the popularization and standardization of the koan exercise, did students of older times practice Zen? How did those great figures, Hui Neng, Ma Tsu, Huang Po, and Lin Chi, themselves practice Zen? We have sufficient reason to believe that The Practice of Zen 67 in the old days the “serene-reflection” type of medita¬ tion now found in the teaching of the Tsao Tung sect was probably the mainstay of Zen meditation tech¬ niques. Now precisely what are the teachings of both sects; and exactly how does the Tsao Tung approach differ from that of the Lin Chi? To answer these questions as concisely as possible, the Tsao Tung approach to Zen practice is to teach the student how to observe his own mind in tranquility. The Lin Chi approach, on the other hand, is to put the student's mind to work on the “solu¬ tion” of an unsolvable problem known as the koan, or Hua Tou, exercise. The former may be regarded as overt or exoteric, the latter as covert or esoteric.


The practice of Zen

It is not an easy job for beginners to work well on the Hua Tou , but you should never be¬ come afraid or discouraged; neither should you cling to my thought of attaining Enlightenment, because you are “ight now practicing the Seven Days’ Meditation, whose /ery purpose is to produce Enlightenment. Therefore my additional thought of attaining Enlightenment is as mnecessary and as foolish as to t hink of adding a head :o the one you already have! You should not worry ibout it if at first you cannot work well on the Hua Tou; what you should do is just to keep remembering md observing it continuously. If any distracting thoughts irise, do not follow them up, but just recognize them or what they are. The proverb says well: 78 The Practice of Zen Do not worry about the arising of distracting thoughts. But beware if your recognition of them Arises too late! “In the beginning everyone feels the distraction of continuously arising errant thoughts, and cannot remem¬ ber the Hua Tou very well; but gradually, as time goes on, you will learn to take up the Hua Tou more easily. When that time comes you can take it up with ease and it will not escape you once during the entire hour. Then you will find the work is not difficult at all. I have talked a lot of nonsense today! Now all of you had better go and work hard on your Hua Tou” The Second Day of the First Period, January 10th: The Master again addressed those in attendance, as fol¬ lows: “The Seven Days’ Meditation is the best way to attain Enlightenment within a definite and predeter¬ mined period. In the old days, when people were better endowed, many Zen Buddhists did not pay special at¬ tention to this method.


The practice of Zen

They do not know how to work these matters out. The impor¬ tant thing is to stick to your Hua Tom at all times— when walking, lying, or standing—from morning to night observing the Hua Tou vividly and clearly, until it appears in your mind like the autumn moon reflected limpidly in quiet water. If you practice this way, you can be assured of reaching the state of Enlightenment. In meditation, if you feel sleepy, you may open your eyes widely and straighten your back; you will then feel fresher and more alert than before. “When working on the Hua Tou, you should be neither too subtle nor too loose. If you are too subtle you may feel very serene and comfortable, but you are apt to lose the Hua Tou. The consequence will then be that you will fall into the ‘dead emptiness.’ Right in the state of serenity, if you do not lose the Hua Tou , you may then be able to progress further than the top of the hundred-foot pole you have already ascended. If you are too loose, too many errant thoughts will at¬ tack you. You will then find it difficult to subdue them. In short, the Zen practitioner should be well adjusted, neither too tight nor too loose; in the looseness there should be tightness, and in the tightness there should be looseness. Practicing in such a manner, one may then gain improvement, and merge stillness and motion into one whole. “I remember in the old days when I practiced the circle-running exercise in Golden Mountain Monastery and other places, the supervising monks made us run like flying birds! Oh, we monks really could run! But when the warning board suddenly sounded its stop- 82 The Practice of Zen signal, everybody stopped and stood still like so many dead poles!


The practice of Zen

Under these circumstances, how could any drowsiness or distracting thoughts possibly arise? “When you are meditating in the sitting posture, you should never bring the Hua Toil up too high; if you bring it up too much, you will get a headache. Nor should you place the Hua Tou in your chest; if you do, you will feel uncomfortable and suffer a pain there. Nor should you press the Hua Tou down too low; if you do, you will have trouble with your stomach and see delu¬ sive visions. What you should do is to watch the word ‘Who,’ softly and gently, with a smooth mind and calm, steady breath, like that of a hen as she hatches her egg or a cat when she watches a mouse. If you can do this well, you will find that one of these days your liferoot will suddenly and abruptly break off!” The Fourth Day of the First Period, January 12th: “Now three days of the seven have already passed. I am glad you are all working so hard. Some of you have brought me some poems and stanzas you have composed and asked me to comment on them. Some of you say that you saw Voidness and light, and so on. Well, these are not bad things; but judging from them, I am sure that you must have forgotten all that I told you in the first two days. Last night I told you that to practice Tao is nothing more than to follow and to recognize the Way. What is the Way? To look into the Hua Tou which is like a royal sword. With it you kill the Buddha when Buddha comes, with it you slaughter the devil when the devil comes. Under this sword not a single idea is al¬ lowed to remain, not a solitary dharma is permitted to exist.


Performance audit of selected energy grant programs

Chapter I pre- sents an introduction to the report and summarizes the objectives and scope of our performance audit. Chapter II examines the Fuel Assistance and Weatherization Grant Programs administered by the Community Services Division of the Department of Community Affairs (DCA). Fuel assistance funds are provided by the federal government lo low income per- sons to help pay fuel bills. Federal grant funds are also dis- tributed by DCA for the weatherization program. These grants are for conservation of energy and are implemented by providing money to individuals for home repairs which reduce energy use. Recommendations are made to improve program monitoring and state administration of funds. Chapters III, IV, and V deal with three energy grant pro- grams administered by two divisions within the Department of Natural Resources and Conservation. The Energy Division is responsible for the Renewable Alternative Energy Grant Program, which provides grants for projects dealing with non-fossil fuel energy production. This program is covered in Chapter III. This same division administers the Institutional Building Grant Program, which supplies funds for energy conservation measures for state and local institutions. Chapter IV reviews the Institutional Build- ing Grant Program. A third program, examined in Chapter V, is administered by the Department's Water Resources Division and is called the Renewable Resource Development Grant Program. This program funds projects to enhance the use of renewable resources, such as land, water, recreation facilities, etc. It is peripherally related to energy in that some grant projects promote energy conservation or production. Recommendations are made to improve the monitoring, administration, and accountability of these pro- grams. Chapter VI presents inrormation on the Solid Waste Manage- ment Gram Program administered by the Solid Waste Management Bureau of the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences. Grants from this program fund studies by localities for the dis- posal of solid waste.


Commercial solar collectors, rock storage tanks, wind generators, and heat pumps are cited as examples of equipment. This category may also include items such as cameras, tape recorders, and calculators, even though they may cost less than $100. Appendix E of the formal grant agreement requires a list of tangible items which are the property of DNRC. This includes, "Any and all equipment . . . purchased with grant money (sub- stantiated by receipts)." The general grant provisions of all formal agreements also include the following requirements regarding tangible property purchased in the course of completing a grant project. "All tangible property listed in Appendix E purchased by Grantee under this grant is the property of the DEPART- MENT, and at the completion of the twelve (12) month agreement period such property shall be delivered to the DEPARTMENT. At the discretion of the DEPARTMENT, the Grantee may purchase such property from the DE- PARTMENT at its market value." Contrary to this, our review indicated that very little action has been taken by the department to either collect, or sell back to the grantee, tangible property which has been purchased. According to officials of DNRC, the intent of the tangible property provision was that all equipment listed in "Appendix E" was to remain the property of the department. This includes 37 property which has been incorporated into the grantee's residence, property, or business. This may present problems when a prop- erty is sold, in that the buyer may not know that DNRC has a claim against the property. We noted one house which has a solar heating system funded through DNRC is for sale. The tangible property provision of the contract makes the program one of loans rather than grants. The law does not state the program is for loans; therefore, the tangible property provi- sion should be changed.


Qualifying institutions include schools, hospitals, local government buildings, and public care institutions (nursing homes). The program is a combination fed- eral/state effort with the Energy Division of the Department of Natural Resources and Conservation being the administrative agency in Montana. The Energy Division has responsibility for approving some grants, reviewing others, and monitoring those grants which it reviews or approves. The program consists of four phases. First, each institution must conduct a preliminary energy audit at its own expense. This review simply requires a listing of building characteristics, such as size, window area, type of furnace, etc., and energy consump- tion from the previous year. Once the first step is completed, the institution may conduct an energy audit. The audit consists of a review of the building by a person who has attended an energy audit workshop sponsored by the state. This review outlines low cost/no cost operational and maintenance procedures which can reduce energy consumption. Institutions performing such an audit may receive reimbursement from federal funds for 50 percent of the cost, providing they match the federal funds with their own money. Once an institution has implemented all of the cost effective operational and maintenance procedures outlined in the energy audit, it may apply for a 50 percent matching grant to conduct a 41 technical assistance review. The technical assistance review is conducted by a professional engineer or engineer-architect team to determine what, if any, more costly measures can be taken to conserve energy (i.e. insulation, conversion to coal or renewable energy sources, etc.). The final step in the process is the installation of the more costly energy conservation measures. Only schools and hospitals are eligible to participate in this phase of the program. An institu- tion which chooses to participate in this step may receive 50 per- cent of the cost of installing energy conservation measures iden- tified during the technical assistance review.


Source: Compiled by the Office of the Legislative Auditor. Illustration 9 STATE ACTIVITY The responsibility of the state lies in administering funds for energy audits, reviewing and recommending applications for tech- nical assistance and energy conservation measures, and monitoring approved project grants. The state receives federal funds to carry out these responsibilities. One of the primary administrative functions of the program staff is monitoring of the operational and maintenance procedures to be implemented after the energy audit is completed. The State Plan for the program describes three ways in which operational and maintenance procedures are to be monitored. One method is the submittal of written certification that procedures have been implemented. A second method is inspection of a sample of build- ings. The third monitoring process is the comparison of the energy consumption of a building before the energy audit was 43 conducted with the consumption after the operational and mainte- nance procedures recommended in the energy audit have been implemented. We reviewed the monitoring system and found con- cerns in the following areas. Submittal of Energy Consumption Sheets The State Plan for the Institutional Building Grant Program states "... each participating building is required to submit reports of its fuel consumption by month for twelve months immedi- ately following completion of its energy audit." Institutions are also required to submit fuel consumption by month for the twelve months prior to the energy audit. These figures are then com- pared to determine the effect of the operational and maintenance changes. A sample of 20 institutions was drawn from the list of institu- tions having completed energy audits to determine if there were comparisons of energy consumption and if the operational and maintenance procedures reduced the amount of energy consumed. Eight of the twenty institutions had not sent post-audit energy consumption sheets to DNRC.


The Water Resources Division devotes part of two positions to administration of the grants. In addition, other division staff members provide assistance in evaluating proposals and for clerical services. This program is only peripherally related to energy. The primary focus has been water development, with recreation, range, and timber as lesser aspects. The relationship to energy comes from two sources. First, energy production or conservation has been a secondary benefit of some grants, such as solid waste management and gravity flow rather than pump fed sprinklers for irrigation. Also, the law authorizing the program is so broadly written that energy development projects could be funded, although none have been to date. Our review revealed five areas of concern related to the program. Monitoring and Follow-up Current DNRC monitoring of projects is limited to planning and construction plans of the program and does not extend beyond project completion. During our review, we noted that DNRC staff members perform limited analysis and evaluation of projects using application screening, on-site inspection, and quarterly and annual report review. 50 To evaluate the monitoring efforts, we selected a sample of grants, reviewed the appropriate files, and interviewed the pro- gram staff and the grantees. Our review indicates that the moni- toring efforts are inconsistent. Grant files show that some pro- jects are visited and submit progress reports, while others submit only an occasional report, and still others have virtually nothing in the files. Evidence in the program files and discussions with grantees indicate that few on-site inspections are performed. In fact, department personnel indicated that there is no policy on progress reports or on-site visits, only that the contract requires a final report. This lack of monitoring is not conducive to adequate oversight and does not provide for good program continuity. Therefore, DNRC needs to implement a system of periodic monitoring during construction.


Illustration 11 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION All grants to date under the program have been for planning. HES has applied for additional funding from the Renewable Re- sources Development Grant Program to continue issuing planning grants and to begin giving grants to implement the plans. The Solid Waste Management Grant Program is administered by the Solid Waste Management Bureau. The bureau also administers the junk vehicle program and the state's efforts to assure compli- ance with federal and state solid waste disposal regulations. The program utilizes part of the time of seven HES employees. Time involved amounts to approximately one FTE. Solid waste management planning grants involve a two-level process. HES grants money to a local government or a group of local governments. A local government(s) in turn contracts with a consulting firm to do the actual planning. Throughout the plann- ing process, HES serves as technical assistant to the local govern- ment(s) and monitors the progress of the plan. In addition, HES must accept the final planning document before the grant terms are fulfilled. 56 Files show that the solid waste grants are being audited by HES. When the HES auditor goes to the counties once a year to audit the junk vehicle accounts, solid waste program grants are also reviewed. Seven of the grants have been audited and there were no significant problems with the grants according to the HES auditor. Both waste recovery and recycling projects have been recom- mended in the completed studies. One grantee has implemented the waste recovery system suggested by the consultants. The system consists of large containers into which area residents deposit their garbage. The containers are then periodically hauled to one central landfill. This system cuts down on the number of landfills in the region and ensures there is enough bulk garbage to recycle when a recycling system in the area is feasible.


Gillett: MONTANA LEGISLATIVE AUDITOR As the audit report points out, approximately 9,000 homes have been completed by the ten local agencies under contract with DCA for delivery of the weatherization program. Last years fuel bill assistance program served approximately 16,000 needy households in Montana. Under the weatherization program the Community Services Division monitors between 400 and 600 homes each fiscal year and visits each local agency once every quarter. In addition, DCA is under federal mandate to monitor ten percent of all households receiving fuel bill assistance. Weatherization Recommendation # l.A and # 1.13 At the present time, DCA does require a consistent and standardized documentation system. All documents which are necessary in order to track a home from the point of application through completion are identified in the State's yearly Grant Application. These requirements are then translated into a contractual obligation on the part of the local agency. Contractual compliance is then monitored on a quarterly basis by DCA staff. The first step in monitoring the Weatherization program is a review of documentation in individual client files. Are the required documents in each file? Are they properly filled out? All deficiencies are noted in writing and a copy of the state's findings are given to the local agency director and the pro- gram operator. Each local agency is then required to respond in writing to this report and is required to detail what corrective action the agency will take in regards to the noted deficiencies. Finally, DCA is also developing a manual for program operators. This manual will specify all required program documents and will provide infor- mation on how each document is to be properly completed. Recommendation # 2 While DOE regulations make no provision for quality control, it has always been the position of DCA that unless the program provided stress AM lOUAl OPPOIIIIINny fMPI oyfH Gillett 3/10/81 Page 2 quality of workmanship the end product (conservation of domestic energy) will be negligible.


The second phase of the agency monitoring (referred to above) is an on-site review at the home of the client. This phase of the monitoring process is the most time consuming and has the following objectives. First, it is a means of assuring that what materials were charged to that client have actually been installed. Second, it is a mechanism for DCA to assess the quality of workmanship. This second factor is of primary importance because no matter how well the Regulations are understood or how complete the documen- tation, if the work is not well done it affects the amount of savings a client receives. I also believe, that if the job is well done by the agency it helps to instill an incentive for the client to maintain the materials. Quality control will continue to be of primary importance in DCA's enforce- ment policy. Recommendation #3 Because DCA is committed to delivery of a quality product to each eligible client, "quality" will be quantified in a manual of operations. Once these standards are established and agency personnel have been trained as to what constitutes quality application of weatherization materials, DCA will modify the weatherization contract to specify that no agency will receive additional funds if they are not meeting these standards regardless of the number of homes being completed. Conversely, DCA will not allow any local agency to carry over funds when they are doing quality work but not meeting mutually agreed upon production schedules. Particularly when those funds could be expended in behalf of eligible clients elsewhere in the state. Recommendation #4 DCA has gone on record with DOE requesting that client education be made an eligible activity for DOE training and technical assistance funds. Client education was at one time an allowable activity, it is not an allowable activity under current DOE regulations.


MRAC ARES Net Control Guildlines 1993-03-02

As much as possible, the NCS must keep the air clear so that emergency calls can be responded to without delay. ; In Military, Law Enforcement, and Fire/Emergency Medical Response communications,air time is treated as a very precious commodity, as lives are at stake. Even during routine operations, delayed communications, means delayed response and that delay could be the difference between life and death. In severe weather conditions we must treat our air time with that same respect. The Sullivan Weather Service Office depends on our ability to communicate information needed in their evaluation of serious weather conditions. Any delay slows down the whole process. As in the past ARES operations — like parades and other public service events — are great opportun- ities for training our members how to operate during severe weather nets. The NCS's for these public service events should maintain the same control of air time and net discipline, that they would during a severe weather operation. The ARES Monday night net is a very popular gathering of stations in Southern Wisconsin and beyond. There is a lot of information given out. A lot of stations check in just to find out how a weekend event went or when the next one begins. People check in for many different reasons. With the linking of several repeaters, many stations are checking in each week. Because the same repeaters are linked during a severe weather net, this is a great opportunity to train some of the same statics that check into both the severe weather_nets and the Monday net. The ARES Monday night net could be a great training ground for ARES members on proper net operation. The Net Control Stations for the Monday net should be selected on the basis of suitability for severe weather net operations.