Millsaps College Catalog, 1978-1979

The Judicial Council is composed of three ex-officio advisors and seven appointed members. The Dean of Men, the Dean of Women, and the Dean of the Faculty act in a non- voting advisory function. Seven voting student members in addition to three alternate members are nominated by a special committee of the Student Senate and are confirmed by the Student Senate, with a view to appropriate balance in regard to race, sex, and place of residence. No member of the Student Senate or the College Senate may be a voting member of the Judicial Council. Council members serve a term of one year. They are appointed before September 15. The Millsaps Judicial Council has jurisdiction over all student disciplinary cases except when an individual's eligibility to continue as a student is put into question because of academic or medical difficulties. Its decisions shall be appealable to the President of the College. 26 Honor Societies Alpha Epsilon Delta is an honorary pre-medical fraternity, founded at the University of Alabama in 1926. Leadership, scholarship, expertness, character, and personality are the qualities by which students are judged for membership. Alpha Epsilon Delta strives to bridge the gap between pre-medical and medical schools. Alpha Psi Omega, a national honorary dramatic fraternity, recognizes members of the Millsaps Players for their effective participation in acting, directing, make-up, stage management, costuming, lighting, or publicity. Each year the name of the outstanding graduating senior member of the organization is engraved on a trophy which is kept in the college trophy case. Beta Beta Beta, established at Millsaps in 1968, is a national honor fraternity for students in the biological sciences. Its purposes are to stimulate sound scholarship, to pro- mote the dissemination of scientific truth, and to encourage investigation of the life sciences. Monthly meetings are held to discuss new ideas, research, and other material pertinent to biology and related sciences.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1978-1979

Gamma Gamma is a Greek leadership honorary established at Millsaps College in 1965. Its purpose is to recognize and to encourage meritorious service to the Greek system and to the College. Kappa Delta Epsilon, a professional education sorority, promotes the cause of education by fostering high scholastic standing and professional ideas among those preparing for the teaching profession. Kit Kat is a literary fraternity with a selected membership of men students and faculty members who have literary ambition and ability. Programs consist of original papers read by the members and criticized by the group. Medical Technology Club, organized in 1975 within the Department of Biology, brings together students interested in careers in medical technology, promotes career ob- jectives, stimulates interest, disseminates ideas, coordinates educational planning, and assists in the preparation for admission to clinical training. The programs of the monthly meetings are designed to assist club members in the pursuance of their educational goals. Tours of clinical laboratories and conferences with educational supervisors of schools of medical technology are included. Omicron Delta Kappa is a leadership society with chapters in principal colleges and universities. Pi Circle at Millsaps brings together members of the student body and faculty interested in campus activities, together with a limited number of alumni and supporters who plan for the betterment of the College. Membership in Omicron Delta Kappa is a distinct honor. Pi Delta Phi is a national French honor society which recognizes attainment and scholarship in the study of the French language and literature. Its purpose is to honor 27 those students having earned a minimum of 18 semester hours in French, and who have a high scholastic average in all subjects. Honorary members are chosen from among the faculty, alumni, and townspeople who have a special interest in the activities of this organization. Psi Delta Chi is a local honorary recognizing both interest and ability in the social sciences.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1978-1979

To be eligible for initiation, a student must have earned in his most recent semester of residence as many as 24 quality points, and in the same semester as many as 12 semester hours of academic credit, and must not have fallen below D in more than one subject. 2. A student who drops a course after the end of the half semester shall receive an F for sorority or fraternity purposes as well as for academic averages. 3. The two terms of summer school combined shall count as one semester for sorority or fraternity purposes. ACTIVITY GROUPS Deutscher Verein was founded to provide an organization for the informal study of various aspects of German and Austrian cultural life. At Christmas the annual "Weih- nachsfest" is a campus tradition. The Millsaps Black Students Association is designed to stimulate and improve the social and academic atmosphere for black students at Millsaps College. The Millsaps Circle K Club is a service organization jointly sponsored by the College administration and the Capital City Kiwanis Club. With membership open upon petition to all interested and qualified male students, Circle K is active both on the campus and in the community. Various service projects promote cultural, social, and individual enrich- ment, as well as the development of responsible leadership. MEDALS AND PRIZES The Albert Godfrey Sanders Award in French is given to a student in intermediate French on the basis of academic excellence in the language and for general interest and contributions in the dissemination of French culture and civilization. The award is in- tended to encourage students on the intermediate level to continue their studies in the field of French literature, and it carries with its honor a certificate of excellence and a handsome volume, devoted to some aspect of French culture, donated by the Cultural Services of the French Embassy in New York.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1978-1979

Majors: In addition to taking the prescribed work for the degree, the student rriust major in one of the following areas: Art, Biology, Chemistry, Economics, Accounting, Administra- tion, Education, English, Finance, Geology, German, History, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Religion, Romance Languages, Theatre, Sociology and Anthropology. Specific requirements for the major can be found under the appropriate department of instruction. Students may be permitted to major in a subject only after careful consideration and with the consent of the head of the department. A major for each student must be approved by one of the department heads not later than the beginning of the junior year. Three cards will be signed by the major professor to show approval of the choice of a major; and these cards will be kept on file, two in the Registrar's Office, and one with the major professor. No junior or senior registration will be accepted as complete by the Registrar's Office without the signed approval of the major professor. 10. Comprehensive Examinations: Before receiving a bachelor's degree the student must pass a satisfactory comprehen- sive examination in his major field of study. This examination is given in the senior year and is intended to cover subject matter greater in scope than a single course or series of 36 courses. The purpose of the comprehensive examination is to coordinate the class work with independent reading and thinking in such a way as to relate the knowledge acquired and give the student a general understanding of the field which could not be acquired from individual courses. The comprehensive examination requires at least three hours and is part written and part oral, the division of time between the two to be at the discretion of the members of the department concerned. The oral examination will be conducted by a committee com- posed of members of the department, and, if desired by the department, one or more members of the faculty from other departments or other qualified persons.


Millsaps College Catalog, 1978-1979

The object is to provide a direct contact with the work of governmental departments and other national and international agencies that are located in Washington, thus acquainting the students with possible careers in public service and im- parting a knowledge of government in action. Under this arrangement qualified students of demonstrated capacity from the par- ticipating colleges will spend a semester at the School of Government and Public Ad- ministration of The American University in Washington. They may earn fifteen hours toward graduation in their home colleges. Six hours of credit are earned in a Conference Seminar, in which high-ranking leaders of politics and government meet with students. Three hours of credit are earned in a Research Course which entails the writing of a paper by utilizing the resources available only at the nation's capital. The remainder of a student's course load constitutes electives which are taken from the normal offerings of American University. In Washington the program is coordinated by faculty members of The American University. Millsaps will ordinarily send two students in each spring semester. These will be either juniors or first semester seniors and will be selected by a faculty committee in April of each year. Exceptionally well-qualified sophomores are occasionally accepted. The student technically remains an enrollee of his home college for the purpose of scholarships and loans, which are thus not affected by participation in the program. The United Nations Semester A cooperative progra'm with Drew University in Madison, New Jersey, enables Millsaps political science majors to spend a semester making a first-hand study of the work of the United Nations. Participants may earn fifteen hours of credit toward graduation. Three hours of credit are earned in a Conference Seminar, which meets two days of each week in the United Nations Plaza.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

It has been used to prove points on both sides of arguments, from how man got into the world, to how man leaves the world. The art of arguing a point continues today. In the recent past, one of the main questions has dealt with the involvement of the church in the world. Was the church a social action power body or was it a group concerned only with man's inner life or spirit? We have said earlier that the worship service sent its people into the world joyously, with great concern for the world. That the primitive church was concerned about the world there can be little question. But if one looks to the scriptural witness of the New Testa¬ ment churches to find the fiery radical approach to social issues, he will be disappointed and he will be well advised to turn the pages back to the Old Testament and the prophets. Yet the concern of the world to know that Jesus Christ is Lord and Saviour and that all men are brothers seems central to the New | Testament witness. Their type of ministry would nevertheless be more that of pastoral care or pastoral concern toward a small group. The primitive church was a small, politically powerless group of individuals ’i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 37 jj who were very much alive with the great joy of a risen Lord and the li !l Si great hope of a world in which He would be forthcoming. They worshipped :| !; in this faith and set out to build a community within it. ij They had, basically, a threefold task. The first was to become ji jj a community of people. The second was to develop a style of ministry | that would carry out the ministry of their risen Lord.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

When honesty prevails and a group is asked their first image when the word church is mentioned, most likely the first response will be the large Gothic stone building at the comer of Elm and Main Street. Some are so tied to their building that if the build¬ ing were to go there would be nothing left. In one midwestem city, a large downtown church building was condemned so the congregation relocated a few blocks away in their new building. Several of the old- timers quit the church, saying, "our old building is the church, if we can't have it, we don't have a church. The new building isn't our church." It is a positive sign to see the big church building boom coming to an end and to see resolutions being accepted to curtail church building in favor of money going to the needy of the world. It has amazed me that ministers are so puzzled about congrega¬ tions' sense of values in keeping things for themselves, when in their deeds they act in the same way. One large prestigious church minister preached a series of sermons on the "inner-city needs" to meet the demands of the denomination's urban crisis program. Members of the congregation subscribed a modest sum which had been asked and everyone seemed pleased that they had met the need. Shortly thereafter, an undesignated gift of $10,000 was received by the church but when a couple of alert laymen suggested the money be used for the "inner-city crisis," the minister was most defensive, saying, "We need this money to repave our parking lot (which was actually in good repair) and to put up new drapes in the sanctuary. We have already done our part in the crisis." The board readily accepted the minister's suggestion to Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

Tokenism can be seen in church membership. Much like the busi- t', : ness that hires a few blacks to give a good appearance, some congrega- j tions allow one or two quiet reserved blacks as members to give the appearance of inclusiveness. ! A distinction needs to be made between social action and service I; |: projects. Many of the activities we term social action fit better ; under the title, "service projects." The illustrations of the giving t; ) of baseball equipment to Watts and the summer camp for the Harlem chil- | dren would be service projects rather than social action. Service |j projects treat symptoms of diseases, while social action treats the • causes of the symptoms so that future service projects would be unneces¬ sary. Social action is "preventive medicine." Service is generally , done for the individual or family after a tragedy; action is for the benefit of, before the tragedy occurs. j Another illustration of the difference between service projects and social action is within a congregation I served in a rural area. In three years, three families within the congregation had their homes destroyed by fire. Each time the church responded with food, clothing, furniture, etc.(service projects). Social action by the congregation s ] would have been to put pressure on the city leadership to provide ‘ ] j better fire fighting equipment and training so when the next house caught fire, the fire department could control it before it was destroyed. ! Personal service projects are more likely to be done by a congre¬ gation than is social action because members derive a better personal * i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. j satisfaction and subjective feeling from the response of those with whom they work. | Others take pride in what they have done by the hiring of per¬ sonnel to do what they feel is important but would rather not do them- selves.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

In the remaining rural areas of our !: country, church sponsored bake sales, white elephants, and the making and selling of recipe calendars are reported under ! i Social News. j; Events like these are important socially for the church, but the j: basic motivation seems more for the benefit of the group or church than i ! |i for mankind. Again, one cannot but question the deep underlying moti- '■ vation for action, especially when it is compared to the dynamic primi- l! . tive church. I j A third institutional problem is that discussion of social prob- ii lems remains just that, discussion, and seldom moves into action. Many ? f \ sermons lift up great idealistic theories concerning brotherhood, peace, and love but give no specific directions for action for the layman who is ready to act. Many ministers have learned that it is proper to at ! least give lip service to social issues, but safe to remain unspecific .! j in example and suggestions for action. Also it is hard to give con- \ \ I Crete instructions so social action stops with the great idea. ) Orlando Tibbetts lifts the problem of vague generalities up as i one of the great problems in the church today. One of the great weaknesses of the church is to talk in general about mission but not to focus the concern on specific targets. Many years ago, when an internationally famous Boston preacher was at the height of his popularity, a newspaper reporter asked a man on the street what he thought of him. The response was, ’Me thinks he loves everyone in general but no one in particular.’ The church falls into the trap of talking about its general mission goals without zeroing in on specially desig¬ nated targets.^ ^Peggy Way, "Women in the Church: Comic Strip, Society Section or Front Page?" in Stephen Rose (ed.) Who's Kilting the Church?


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

Hoekendijk, The Church Inside Out (Philadelphia: West¬ minster Press, 1966), p. 93, quoting Martin Luther, "Preface to the German Mass." Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. as an aid in education for the parish or an aid for fellowship, or an aid in worship, or as a tool for mission. If the House Church is a church in microcosm it does all of these and must be free of the parish church. I am not saying that the House Church should not have connec- tional ties with other House Churches or perhaps a denomination or even a parish, but rather it must not be a subdivision of a parish. In fact, connectional ties with others are vital if the House Church is to be effective in mission and social witness. Probably the most effective group to make ties with is other House Churches, since they too, would have the freedom to act without relying upon other responsibilities. House Church clusters could be the most effective units. Another basic problem with the strict parish tie is that for those ready to pick up the task of the church, this tie could produce barriers. When there are no denominational ties, it gives those with varied church backgrounds more freedom to be and to grow. Denomina¬ tional barriers are not felt, for the group is more concerned with being the "Body of Christ," and in being a new community for worship and witness today than in arguing past history of differences. The most basic criticism of the House Church and one that must be dealt with here, is that the House Church has no tie to historic Christianity. Therefore House Church members may experiment without any sense of responsibility to the greater or historic church. To perpetuate historical tradition, the denominations must train | and ordain men to the leadership of House Churches as a special form Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

Worship is not a gathering of the down¬ hearted of the world, but of the joyous people who know and experience authentic life—people who rejoice, praising God, and celebrating the "Good News" concerning life. Our early meetings consisted solely of the common meal and a "Celebration of Life" service. The service which we used was simple. Since the service was a successor to one which some of us had used previously, it would be helpful to know how we came into existence as a House Church. In the fall of 1968, I joined the staff of a downtown Hollywood church as the associate minister. The senior minister had a denomina¬ tional office and was gone much of the time, leaving most of the Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. jj program planning in my hands. The Hollywood area abounds with youth Si and a few attended the "rap" sessions provided by the church, but none I; attended the formal worship on Sunday. a ji For several years the congregation had discussed providing a is !j midweek worship for the purpose of reaching those unable to attend i j] services on Sunday. Between this desire and a desire to reach the f) ! j youth of the area, I worked out an experimental service. | As I prepared it, I kept in mind the importance of taking the !' traditional acts of worship and setting them in a contemporary format, i l meaningful to Hollywood youth. I tried to find ways to help them ' express joy, confess sin, feel absolution, and find practical ways to j express this in the world. I used three of the four guidelines sug- ■i gested by Keith Watkins, one of the most authoritative voices today in the Disciples of Christ on the subject of relevant worship.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

The common worship of the local congregation ties together study, service, and witness and without it those activities lose their vital meaning in understanding the faith and the common loyalty within the community. Worship points to our common loyalty in Jesus Christ, our common witness in the world, and our responsibility to each other. Worship is at the center of our understanding of the church. In true worship the community comes together to understand itself "before the Word of God in Christ." The hearing of the Word is the reason that the Christian community gathers. This is the center of worship—to receive and to proclaim the good Word. According to the Ecumenical Institute understanding of worship, the Word is said corporately to another and heard corporately from another. Each person is a priest as he declares the living Word to another. We can hear the Word for ourselves only, but we hear it from another, and another hears it from us. At the Institute worship is never separated from life or wit¬ ness. As the Word is heard, the community scatters to witness to it, each in his own way, and in his own situation. After the witness is made, the community gathers again to hear the Word. To be a Christian in the world today is to have "decisive awareness" of God's love which 1 the Life of the Church" (Chicago: Ecumenical Institute). Unless otherwise noted, the basic thoughts are those of the Institute through the paper by Matthews. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. gives one the possibility of living a life of service. The central question which must be posed concerning any worship service is, "What is the Body of Christ doing when she gathers to wor¬ ship?" Those at the Institute remind us that worship is symbolic activity, symbolizing the self-understanding of man before God.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

They point out that only in the last two hundred years have men been con¬ scious of symbols, and that their worship is an attempt to dramatize, through symbols, the God and Man encounter. Matthews observes that this understanding of worship has three implications: One is that to worship as a Christian is not to be a spectator watching a drama performed by others, such as the clergy and the choir. It is to be involved as one of the actors. The community as a whole is involved. Functions differ but the play is a unit and there are no star roles. Secondly, the Christian who goes to worship in search of 'reli¬ gious feelings' to be experienced or of 'religious ideas' to which he can assent has not yet grasped the meaning of common worship of God. Christian worship is the response of the total man pre¬ cisely because it involves the core of the self. The question put to the worshiper is not how do you feel or what do you know, but who do you choose to be in the light of God's activity in Christ? A third implication which has particular significance for the comprehension of the inner meaning of Christian worship is that the God that is worshipped and the self-understanding given in worship determine the basic structure or form of worship. . . . In Christian worship the God in Christ determines the inner struc¬ ture or the dramatic movement of the service.^ Matthews relies heavily on the format of Edward Hobbs, who examined John Wesley's Order for Morning Prayer.^ ^Ibid., p. 4. 1 4 i Edward C. Hobbs, "Rehearsing the Drama of Salvation: John Wes¬ ley's Order for Morning Prayer," Motive a XVII:8 (May, 1957). The { Wesley Orders of Common Prayer (Nashville: National Methodist Student Movement, 1957). Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

The idea follows the style !: Q : of a game in the magazine Psychology Today , called "Black and White." The purpose of the game is to keep the problems of the frustrations of * being young before the group. The game is closed with a time of £ reflection upon how the members felt while playing it. I 1 Another way of coming at this would be through role playing, letting the youth be parents and the parents, youth. Again, reflec¬ tion is vital to the accomplishment of the task. We then move into the second lecture and workshop period. The first pedagogue lifts up the fact that some church experimenters are struggling creatively with a pioneer ministry. The teacher then builds his lecture around one form of youth 1 ministry, the coffee house. It is important to help the house church \ to see that this is only one form, but one that has worked and needs 'i I j consideration and evaluation. j ! The reading seminar follows. Once again the church is divided ■ into groups for reading concerning different types of coffee houses. ! - - ! 8 "Black and White," Psychology Today, 111:10 (March, 1970), , pp. 39-53. j .'l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 129 g We are using readings from three books: Call to Commitment , Journey Inward, Journey Outward and The Coffee House Ministry . ^ The mem¬ bers then discuss within their groups what they have read and have found relevant for our house church. At the close of the reading seminar is a workshop in which we pick out those aspects of the various coffee house ministries that could be used by the House Church of Los Angeles. In Hollywood, many phases of these ministries would be irrelevant, but the group will propose those aspects that could be meaningful and workable in their own locality.


Anthis - The Resurrection Of The House

I •# ij I 130 ! t After the conversation, we once again break into groups, brain- | storming for half of the period, and developing a specific ministry to j: Hollywood youth during the last half. This would include specific time, place, funding, and staffing. At this point a time line sketch would be built. The workshop closes with a plenary session, pulling together the i work that all the groups have done to meet, in a concrete way, the i needs of youth which we set out to consider in the morning. The ideas •v ; and materials are then compiled so that the leadership and task forces may further develop them for the next workshop. Due to the depth and ■ complexity of this concern, many more workshops will be held before the final project is inaugurated. ( The day closes with the Celebration of Life II service, the •; proclamation being the song, "A New Day Coming" by Mama Cass Elliott, l | a song of hope for a community that has used a full day of its life to plan the future in behalf of all mankind. The day closes with I Alleluia! | This type of intentional, serious work and planning is of l extreme benefit to the individual and to the group as a whole. As we consider our mission we discover that as we work for others, we receive | a great lift in our own spirit journey in life. Our intention has not j been to receive this lift, but to meet the need before us; the need ■ .i 1 j of those to whom society does not minister. 1 Our next step in witness is to do that which we do the most i 1 j effectively. In this project, we are beginning by having a series of ' I Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.


Miscellaneous farm-related tax proposals : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Agricultural Taxation of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on S. 226, S. 531, S. 545, S. 882, S. 1615, S. 1691, and S. 1814

I am very pleased to have the opportunity to appear before you today and meike a brief statement. I am also very pleased that the subcommittee has agreed to re- view the issue of how export trading companies, known as ETCs, are taxed. This matter is of great importance to Hercules, Inc. and several other companies. I am pleased to see that a number of my constituents, mostly from Delaware, are here today. My constitu- ents are all from Delaware. Hercules people, mostly from Delaware, are here today. They will explain the impact of the changes in the tax regulations for ETCs on their company. In addition, my col- league from Delaware, Senator Bill Roth, has been seeking to ad- dress this issue for a number of years, and can share his experi- ence and knowledge with the subcommittee. In my view, the key questions before the subcommittee are Con- gressional intent and fairness. Was the intent of Congress in the 1986 Tax Reform Act, to eliminate the favorable tax treatment for the few remaining export trading companies? And, was it fair for these changes to be made through the regulatory process without any review by Congress? It is my understanding that the 1986 Tax Reform Act intended to end the practice of some financial companies establishing off- shore mutual funds to protect them from U.S. taxation. However, when implementing the 1986 Act, the Treasury Department in 1988 established new rules for passive foreign investment compa- nies, PFICs, which also included export trading companies like Hercules and its export trading company, HINTCO. Prior to this action by the Treasury Department, whenever Con- gress had modified the law on this subject, it had always given ex- isting ETCs the option to protect or change their status. The 1988 action by Treasury essentially changed the rules in the middle of the game for Hercules and other companies without any review by Congress to determine the fairness of the change.


Farming, as we all know, is a highly capital intensive business. To the extent that the average family farmer reaps any profits at all, much of that income is directly reinvested into the farm. Rarely are there opportunities for farmers to place money aside in Individual Retirement Accounts. Instead, farmers tend to rely on the sale of their accumulated capital assets to sustain them in their retirement. All too often, however, farmers find that the lump-sum payments of capital gains taxes levied on those assets leave little room for re- tirement. S. 882 would address that problem by providing retiring farmers the opportunity to roll over the proceeds of the sale of their farms into a tax-deferred retirement account. Instead of paying a large lump sum capital gains tax at the point of sale, that income would be taxed only as it would be withdrawn fi"om the retirement account. Such a change in method of taxation could help prevent the financial distress that many farmers now face upon retirement. Certainly another concern that is facing rursd America is the di- minishing interest in our younger generation in continuing in farm- ing. In close, this will facilitate the transition of our older farmers into a successful retirement. The Family Farm Retirement Act will also pave the way for a more graceful transition of our younger farmers toward farm ownership. While low prices and low profits in farming will continue to take their toll on our younger farmers, I believe that this will be one tool that we can use to make farming more viable for the next generation. I thank the committee for its interest in this legislation, and I welcome Mr. Harris here today to offer his testimony on behalf of this legislation. While I will not be able to stay for the hearing, I will look for- ward to reviewing the hearing record on this important matter.


Only a very few export trading corporations declined to take advan- tage of this incentive during the time period provided, and Hercu- les one of these few. In 1986, the Congress then enacted a regime designed to broadly curtail the benefits of tax deferral for certain foreign corporations that were predominately passive in nature. That is to say, most of their income derived from interest, dividends, and similar passive income. This anti-deferral regime was called the PFIC regime, which stands for the passive foreign investment company regime. This new law made few exceptions, and the application of its rules was to treat the Hercules Corporation as a PFIC, as a passive foreign investment corporation, because of the financing income it earned from financing the exports of unrelated exporters. We understand that the Hercules Corporation has made several distributions since the PFIC rules went into effect, and it now 8 seeks to have these distributions retroactively treated as tax-free distributions. The Administration's position is to oppose this proposal. Any ex- port trading company that failed to take advantage of the Congres- sional incentive provided during a specific time period cannot rea- sonably claim to have been guarsinteed the status quo in perpetu- ity. Such taxpayers must be seen to have effectively assumed the risk that the law might change to their disadvantage, and should not now be provided retroactive relief from the PFIC rules. I would also note that the proposal would treat as tax free those earnings accumulated since 1984, which, had Hercules or any other ETC in a similar line of business converted or dissolved in 1984, as encour- aged by the Congress, would have been currently taxed during the last decade. As it is, Hercules had three extra years of treatment more favor- able than other financing entities before the PFIC rules did come into effect.


The Administration opposes this proposal. The proposal would provide tax-favored treatment to farmers over other taxpayers, such as small business owners, whose situations may not be appre- ciably different. In addition, the proposal would provide a disincentive for farmers to set up traditional qualified retirement plans covering other workers in addition to themselves. The sixth proposal before the committee is S. 1615, a bill to ex- pand the existing law regarding elections to defer recognition of in- come from the sale of livestock in cases of Federally-declared drought. The bill would extend the opportunity to make these elections to sales of livestock on account of any weather-related condition, such as floods, tornadoes, or hurricanes. The Administration does not oppose this proposal, provided an acceptable revenue offset is provided. The proposal would allow the farmer to avoid the biinching of in- come due to disasters, in circumstances beyond the farmer's con- trol. It allows the taxpayers to take income into account when it would have been taken into account under the taxpayer's normal business practice. The seventh proposal before the committee is S. 1691, a bill to provide certain taxpayers with a tax credit for expenditures for the purchase of certain pollution control property, as well as for soil and conservation expenditures made for the primary purpose of complying with Federal, state or local environmental laws. 10 The Administration opposes this proposal. The Administration does not beUeve that it is appropriate to provide a tax incentive to encourage compliance with environmental laws beyond those provi- sions already in the tax law. Moreover, the proposed benefit would again be restricted to one class of taxpayers, to the exclusion of others having to comply with the same environmental laws. The eighth and final proposal before the committee is S. 1814, a bill to allow taxpayers to elect to include certain disaster pay- ments and crop insurance proceeds in income in the year of the de- struction of or damage to crops, even if the pa5rments or proceeds are received in the following year.


You and Senator Conrad have both already addressed this committee at length on this measure which provides a tax credit for pajdng for machinery, equipment, and other items that are made necessary in order to comply with Federal, state and local environmental laws. We also support S. 226, the estate tax issue dealing with cash leasing, as well as Senator Dave Durenberger's legislation, S. 531, which would increase the Federal estate tax exemption up to $1 million. Let me address also, briefly, just two or three other tax matters that are not on the program for today, but are of particular concern to our members. We have a very strong policy position in favor of the reinstate- ment of income averaging. Boom and bust cycles in agriculture are 19 nothing new, but fanners and rsinchers lost the ability, of course, to use income averaging in 1986. We believe very strongly that re- instating income averaging would help shield family farm income from threats that are being imposed by weather and by various marketing opportunities, or lack thereof. We would also like to see the full reinstatement of the invest- ment tax credit, and believe that, if it is reinstated, it should also cover used equipment and machinery. Also, we urge very strongly for Congress, in the remaining days of this session, to look at reinstating the deduction for health care costs for the self-employed at 100 percent on a permanent basis. This would mean a good deal to our members and, of course, as this committee is very well aware, the 25 percent deduction for those purposes expired at the end of 1993. So, if something is not done, there will not be an ability to utilize that deduction in any fashion for 1994. With that I will conclude my remarks. I will be happy to answer any questions or to respond to any questions in writing more fiilly for the record.


I would first like to thank you, and particularly Tom Bias and Alex Deane of your staff, for your yeoman's work in getting agreements from this Administra- tion so we could take advantage of the GATT appropriately. We hope, in the waning hours of Congress here, that you guys see fit to move the process forward. We think it is in the best interests not only of cattlemen, but of many in agriculture and other busi- nesses. So I do want to thank you for your leadership on that. I also want to thank you for holding this hearing, because there are a number of tax issues that have been debated in this Con- gress. Some have been dealt with farther down the line than oth- ers. Estate taxes, for example, have been a priority for our associa- tion for a number of years. To just give you a figure to show you why it is so important, nearly 50 percent of the cattle operations in this country have been in the same family for more than 50 years. If you go to a hundred years, it is nesirly 15 percent, so you can see that the ability to keep these operations together from gen- eration to generation is a top priority. So, along those hnes, we support both the cash leasing between heirs and the increasing of the unified credit to allow an estate to pass nontaxable from $600,000 to $1 million. We would also like to encourage you, as you proceed with your investigation of estate taxes into the next Congress, to look at ways of making of making 2032A more user-fiiendly. There are a num- ber of things that I would like to provide in a letter for the record. But, for example, if you look at areas like California and Florida, where you have a lot of pressure on urban land prices, this $750,000 reevaluation figure is just inadequate.


For brevity, the bill may be referred to as FFRA, standing for Farmers Ranch Retire- ment Account, in this presentation. FFRA reestablishes the farm assets as a farmer's retirement fund, correcting the hardships caused by the capital gains tax pro- vision of 1986, £ind the oversight or failure of the Congress to rec- ognize that the farm investment unit more than satisfies the intent and criteria for investment of funds required of the IRA concept. The bill is unique in that, in the agricultural economy, it neither advantages nor disadvantages any farm region, product or activity. It will provide great incentive for substantial long-term investment commitment to rural America, and also to the farm unit because the farmer can, without reservation, devote all assets to the farm development, keeping his retirement funds at home, not Texas S&Ls or South African gold mines. I was rather appalled by the Treasury's suggestion that we should direct our very limited capital into areas where we have no expertise, away from areas where we have much expertise. And, as we all know, the shortage of capital on the farm is very critical. The bill recognizes the need of the special tenant farming situa- tions which hold little or no real estate, but have large investments in crops, animals and machinery. To date, most long-term tax ad- vantages have been targeted to real estate holdings, not working assets. Our object here is to treat a portion of the family farm assets as a self-directed IRA, with income tax deferral, rollover and make-up privileges comparable to those granted to other taxpayers' self-di- rected IRAs. Farming is an extremely capital intensive profession/occupation. Long-term growth and success of the family farm requires all the farmer's capital resources. One dollar of a farmer's income may yield 10 cents going to the kitchen, 90 cents to the bank, to borrow another $10 for farm operations and expansions, leaving nothing to invest in IRAs.


In the 1984 Tax Act, after some 20 years of Congressionally au- thorized export sales, Congress offered existing export trade cor- porations three choices. They could continue to operate; they could remain in business and transfer their assets tax free to a foreign sales corporation; or they could exit the export sales business alto- gether and repatriate their accumulated export trade income tax free to the United States. Hercules chose option number one as the most advantageous business choice for the corporation. We believed, based on the af- firmative action of the House Ways and Means and Senate Finance Committees, as well as the full Congress, first in 1971 and then again in 1984, that Hercules would be eligible under the reauthor- ized ETC program for continued tax deferral on the HINTCO ex- port trade income. Just 2 years later, however, without consideration by a single member of Congress, or review by any appropriate committees of the Congress, and certainly without an open hearing, tax deferral for ETCs such as ours was, in the Treasury Department's view, ef- fectively halted by the 1986 Tax Act. That position is underscored by the current interpretation of the passive foreign investment company rules issued by the Treasury Department. Contrary to Mr, Richter's testimony earlier, no ETC had any rea- son to expect they were at risk if they chose to continue operating after 1984. It is my understanding that the 1986 Tax Act did not specifically address ETCs. In the last several years, we have pursued this matter in the Congress and at the Treasury. We have been advised that the 1986 provision was specifically aimed elsewhere, and not at export trade corporations. The 1986 Act's passive provision was directed at ending the de- ferral of taxes on income eeimed by passive investment entities lo- cated overseas, such as offshore mutual funds. ETCs are authorized under their own section of the Federal law, and if restrictions had been aimed at this incentive program, we believe that their existence in the 1986 Tax Act would have been specifically noted.


Presented in 1984 with a Congressionally offered option to: (1) continue as an ETC; (2) to transfer its assets tax-free to a FSC; or (3) to quit the export sales business and repatriate its export trade income tax free to the U.S., KoUmorgen chose to continue operating KAG as an ETC. Even though KoUmorgen could have repatriated all of KAG's accumulated earnings from export sales tax free by terminating its operations, KoUmorgen wanted KAG to continue in its traditional export business with the same tax consequences. Moreover, KoUmorgen had the explicit blessing of Congress to take this route. Certainly KoUmorgen believed, based on the protection of the ETC system by Congress, first in 1971, and then again in 1984, that KAG would be able to continue operating as a tax-de- ferred ETC as long as it remained in the export business. KoUmorgen continued to actively operate its ETC and was doing so on April 20, 1990 when the Chief of Staff of the Joint Tax Com- mittee publicly proposed the elimination of the ETC regime as a simplification measure. When it became likely that the ETC regime would be closed down, and that accumulation of income, even for redeployment in export trade activities, could give rise to PFIC issues, KoUmorgen was forced to reevaluate the economic utiUty of maintaining its Swiss subsidiary. As a result of this review, KoUmorgen during 1991 withdrew the accumulated export trade income from invest- ment in export assets, in order to redeploy those resources to more productive uses. Since no relief simUar to the 1984, and earUer 1971, reUef had been proposed or seemed available, KoUmorgen was required to in- clude such withdrawals in taxable income in accordance with the normal ETC provisions. This has unreasonably affected KoUmorgen and other companies testifying here, compared to all other ETCs which had the opportunity to convert tax free their export trade as- sets into a FSC, or to withdraw these assets tax free for redeploy- ment.


Gentlemen, thank you very much for your answers. The hearing record will re- main open for five legislative days for any additional comment. If there are any other remarks that any of you wish to make, and add as an addendum to what you have already said, they would be more than welcome. [Whereupon, at 3:20 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.] APPENDIX Additional Material Submitted Prepared Statement of Michael N. Castle Chairman Daschle, Senator Hatch and members of the subcommittee, I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today. I am very pleased the subcommittee has agreed to review the issue of how export trading companies, known as ETCs, are taxed. This matter is of great importance to Hercules Incorporated and several other companies. I am glad to see a number of my constituents from Delaware here today. They will explain the imact the changes in the tax regulations for ETCS have had on their company. In addition, my coUeague from Delaware, Senator Bill Roth has been seeking to address this issue for a number of years and can share his experi- ence and knowledge with the subcommittee. In my view, the key questions before the subcommittee are congressional intent and fairness. Did Congress intend for the 1986 Tax Reform Act to eliminate the fa- vorable tax treatment for the few remaining export trading companies? And was it fair for these changes to be made through the regulatory process without any review by Congress? It is my imderstanding that the 1986 Tax Reform Act intended to end the practice of some financial companies establishing off-shore mutual funds to protect them from U.S. taxation. However, when implementing the 1986 Act, the Treasury Department, in 1988, established new rules for Passive Foreign Investment Companies (PFICS) which also included export trading companies like Hercules Compsmy, HINTCO.


Montana employment and labor force

Generally, Montana experienced a 20% drop in tourism statewide. Shorter and closer to home trips have thus far accounted for this dropoff. Construction activities have also fallen off in the State. A tight money market with high interest rates has caused a slowdown in new home construction. This has left a majority of the construction in commercial building with residential construction being federal housing projects. Monies from the State Housing Authority were released recently which will help residential construction. Additional federal monies were made available to the State in the development of energy resource alternatives. Energy exploration, particularly oil and natural gas, continued strong in most areas of the State. Proposals have been made to develop an ethanol plant near Great Falls, which adds to the spectrum of Montana's energy resources. Estimates of crop harvests put 80% of the winter wheat and 10% of the spring wheat harvested. Winterkill of winter wheat and an unseasonally dry July will keep yields below average. Oats, barley, and spring wheat harvest were behind as much as two weeks in normal harvest time. The dry weather curtailed lumber harvesting operations in July as well. With several forest fires in the State and extremely dry forest conditions, many forests were closed causing layoffs of loggers and mill workers. Rehires occurred in most areas as rains swept Montana in early August. End-of-month fuel shortages are expected to be less severe than in months past. Allocations of fuel supplies to Montana were obtained that should prevent wide- spread shortage. Some spot shortages short in duration may occur in agricultural intense areas during harvest. Montana's Composite Index of six economic indicators shows improvement over the previous month. Although the Index did not reach the level it had the same month one year ago, it did have an impressive gain over the previous month.


Montana employment and labor force

The jobless rate for the Billings SMSA fell to 3.1% from June's 3.2% rate and was well below last July's rate of 4.2%. These indicators of employment and unemployment point to a moderation in the economic activities of the SMSA in comparison to last year's June to July change. This moderation is explained in the reduction of tourism and tight money market for con- struction. Economic Highlights and Employment Outlook Construction highlights economic activity in the SMSA this report period. Major projects still under construction include the expansion of a large medical facility, new highrise hotel, and renovation of a former hotel into offices and restaurant. The restaurant nears completion and is expected to hire between 20 and 30 workers while offices are 3 to 4 months until completion. A building permit was issued for the construction of a $1.7 million elementary school. Still in the planning stage is a $6.4 million sports complex. Remodeling and additions to single family units well out-pace last year's January to July count. Building permits for the construction of single family units is down nearly one-third of last year's year-to-date tally. This reflects the tight money market prevalent nationwide. New business formation is another indicator of economic activity for the SMSA. This year's tally year-to-date of 519 is slightly ahead of last year's January through July count. New business formation this year is keeping pace with new businesses last year. Tourism activities continue to be affected in the SMSA. High gasoline prices ac- companied by possible end of month fuel shortages account for much of the tourism downturn. Consumer activities are also down because of the gasoline and fuel situa- tion. Isolated layoffs directly or indirectly related to fuel shortjages have been noted but not to any significant degree. End of month spot shortages may occur next month as harvest operations statewide will certainly limit fuel resources. 6.


GWU Monday Report

Public Schools, the Health and Welfare Council, Juvenile Court, Boys Clubs, the Occupational Training Center, the GW Com- munity Health Clinic, citizen environmental agencies, community development organiza- tions, D.C. Social Services, consumer protection groups, and Spanish community groups. Eighty per cent of all the agencies involved reported that the students made "solid contributions." One student even landed a grant in support of his agency's program. In addition to the opportunity to participate in GW's new Service-Learning Program, juniors and seniors also may elect "Supervised Work-Study courses" offered in Experimen- tal Humanities. These courses will emphasize field-study projects appropriate to the arts and to the humanities. Next fall, for example, students in Experimental Humanities 101 will undertake an oral history project, whereby they will initiate recorded inter- views as a technique for studying ethnic communities, recent political campaigns, family -mate- -3- histories, the history of technology, and the status of women. Faculty from Anthro- pology, History and American Studies will be involved in the project. The Experimental Humanities section of the Service-Learning Program (SLP - Humanities 150), replaces work-study courses previously listed as Experimental Humanities 101-102. In SLP - Humanities 150, work-study assignments will be divided under four sections: Legal Services, Health Care Institutions and Programs, Educa- tion, and Drug Abuse Education. Among other courses in Experimental Humanities are two new ones developed primarily for freshmen, but open to all students: One -- The Computer and Society: the Search for New Alternatives (Fall 1972, three credit hours) -- will be team-taught by professors of Engineering, Chemistry, and Political Science. It will include orientation to computer language and the computer, small-group study of policy issues related to new computer technologies, and a continuing examination of ethical and philosophical issues implicit in the new inter- dependencies of man and machine. Class visitors and field visits will orient students to major Washington users of the computer and to important new applications of computer technology .


GWU Monday Report

During the first semester, there are special readings and related group discussions with specialists from the faculty, from government, and from industry. Topics include the effect of different urban environments on the attitudes and actions of people; the problems faced by minorities; and the characteristics of urban government and justice. Areas of field-study include Washington's first totally planned suburb, the inner city, and historic Georgetown. In the second semester, each student identifies one or two areas of urban life in which he is deeply interested; seeks out, with faculty help, a municipal agency or community organization active in that area; and then spends six to -moAe- - 4 - eight hours each week in field involvement with that agency. -- Urban Ecology Workshop (Summer 1972, four credit hours). It explores the legal, scientific, political; and ethical aspects of specific environmental issues in the Washington area, and is offered jointly by the Office of Program Development and the Department of Education. Offered for the first time this summer will be a special institute on the prob- lems of The Washington Spanish-American Community (three credit hours). This institute will examine the populous, inner-city, Spanish-speaking community as a means of developing policy recommendations for the improvement of social services to that systematically neglected group. For the student who qualifies, there is a special climax to all of the above-- an annual Conference on Policy Studies and the Humanities, which deals with a "public policy" issue. In the spring of 1973, the topic will be related to urban health care, with special attention to drug abuse and control. Students from the liberal arts, the sciences, and the professions will divide into task forces, study selected aspects of the policy issue, and develop recommendations to be addressed to a panel of individuals actually making policy decisions in the area of concern.


GWU Monday Report

At its meeting on April 16, the Faculty Senate passed Resolution 70/13, which recommended that in special circumstances exceptions to this policy might be consid- ered. The Senate resolution provides that in individual cases and upon the recom- mendation of the faculty of a department, supported by a showing of its program need, a faculty .member over 65 may be recommended for reappointment for a maximum of one year in full-time service and one additional year in a half-time capacity. Resolution 70/13 has been accepted by the Provost and will constitute an amendment to the retire- ment policy stated in his memorandum of Jan. 27. GW LAUNCHES HEALTH MAINTENANCE PLAN — The George Washington University Health Plan for 5,000 prepaid subscribers within the District of Columbia was launched last Thursday in contract signing ceremonies at the District Building with GWUHP, D.C. Human Resources, and Blue Cross/Blue Shield officials participating. Inauguration of the prepaid health maintenance plan is viewed by participants as a "partnership" among the District government, the University, and the area's largest health insurance company. The GWUHP membership will include 2,000 Medicaid-eligible citizens of the Dis- trict and 3,000 additional subscribers who may enroll through employee groups. (con- tinued) -mofid- -4- Outpatient services will be provided in the facilities of the Community Care Center of the University Clinic. The GWU Hospital and Children's Hospital will provide inpatient care for the GWU Health Plan. Children's Hospital is the major pediatric affiliate of the University Medical Center. Primary care will be provided by the faculty members of the Division of General Medicine of GW's Department of Medicine. Specialty services will be provided by the faculty of the School of Medicine. Each primary physician heads a team of health professionals to include nurses, physicians' assistants, and student trainees. Teams are augmented by social workers, dietitians, and health care expeditors acting as advocates for the subscriber population.


GWU Monday Report

Parris, (R-Va.), who was elected from the 8th Congressional District of Virginia to the United States House of Represen- tatives; and Harriet Bernstein and Thomas S. Israel, who were both elected to the Board of Education of Montgomery County in Maryland. SPONSORED RESEARCH GUIDELINES — Members of the University Community, when in the process of preparing grant applications and in carrying out their research, are respectfully requested by the Committee on Sponsored Research, to keep the 1969 research guidelines in mind. In addition it would greatly assist the Committee's review task if the abstracts were written in nontechnical language and included not only the problem to be investigated, but the method and possible implications as well. The Committee on Sponsored Research, consisting of faculty and students, reviews all sponsored research proposals to assure conformity with the research policy of the University. The Guidelines pursuant to this policy were adopted in 1969 and may be obtained from department heads of the Office of Sponsored Research, Sixth Floor, Rice Hall. The procedure has been for Committee members to first review the ab- stracts. If there are questions about or ambiguities in the abstract, then the full proposal is reviewed. OPINION SOUGHT The Educational Policy Committee of the Faculty Senate is soliciting the views of the University Community on the desirability of continuing the publication of the Academic Forum . The University Community is asked to send any comments or suggestions to Professor Arthur Kirsch, Department of Statistics . -mom- - 2 - FLU SHOTS Inoculation will be given at no charge to faculty, students, and employees on Wednesday, November 15, in the Lower Lounge of Lisner Auditorium, from 12:30 to 4:00 p.m. The shots will not be administered to anyone with a cold or any other upper respiratory infection. Nor will it be given to those allergic to chicken feathers or chicken eggs.


Monterey news

May it not be in spite of the pro- cess rather than because of it? The psychotherapist part of me is forced to do some fresh questioning as to whether there may not be more productive ways of achieving good than by the usual preoccupation with the dysfunctional. Nee Stating this from the other side of the coin, if we knew better how to work within the processes whereby good health forms within persons this might properly be the main focus of our attention. As it is, we are so busy analyzing what is going wrong we can't give the proper weight to studying how things "go rights! We look back with wonder that blood-letting was once such a popular form of treatment In a strange way it partly worked. To be sure, it was not dealing at a deep enough level with the difficulty, but indeed people felt a certain amount of relief when their blood was let. looking back, we say it was a primitive form of treatment. Perhaps our current methods of treatment before too long will look primitive. My guess is that once health care is more soundly rooted in studying the processes that produce health, rather than the character of dysfunction, we will look back to the 1970's as quite a primitive time. At those times in which the Church has been much more focused upon sin than the wholeness that exists in God it produced a" sin-oriented" people. Now that govern- ment is so heavily focused upon “regulating” the ways in which people shall order their life together, many more people are focusing their attention on how to "beat the system" than upon building a truly cooperative society. Whichever way we turn we find ourselves creating whatever our attention is focused upon.


Monterey news

John lives in Lex- ington, Massachusetts. He is a graduate of Keene, New Hampshire, State College. Bretta Oellig and Steve Blosser, both volunteer work— ers from the Church of the Brethren, have announcec their engagement. Bretta is staying on for a thire year as a regular staff member. Steve is house~parent at McKee House, the Farm's third residential unit. Gordon "Skip" Winchell is a resident of Lincoln, Massachusetts, where he met Virgil Stucker, resident director of Farrington House. at least through January. Skip has completed one year at Andover-Newton Theoligical School. to spend the summer at the Farm. North Adams State College, where he heard of Gould Farm. He plans Chester "Chet" Olson of Pittsfield is a graduate of He expects to stay on here The spring Variety Show was produced Thursday evening, June 8, before an en LOSS tate: audience. "Variety" was the word. The large cast of staff and guests Pleo piano, flute, clarinet, bassoon, banjo and guitar. : er ; ad libbed. From start to finish it was a good show, in which Sally Va ae group, as usual, played a vigorous and talented part. Adee Moke See The Historical Museum Annex will be open from 10 to 12 They sang, they pantomimed, they pp itat ORICALY on Saturday mornings and will be manned by members of the Historical Society. There are old books, samplers, fur= niture, photographs, musical instruments from the Monterey Drum and Bugle Corps, a ledger from the Langdon Store, and more. Downstairs there is a collection of old farm im- plements. Everyone is welcome. a he renin, rere een, GE #29] On May 3 the 3r do and 4th degree were conferred un five candidates and one from Umpachene Grange. The third degree was conferred by the Ladies' Degree Team, with Mary Walla The ce a8 Master and members from Monterey and Sandisfield taking part. fourth degree was conferred by regular officers, with Daniel MacW/hinnie acting as Master.


Montana Committee for the Humanities newsletter

(Final figure to be identified following discussion with project director re speakers' travel.) Corona Record, Featuring Sam Windy Boy and Neva Pilgrim, sponsored by Corona. $3,341. Montana Week in Review, sponsored by Montana Week in Review Advisory Board. $10,000. The Phantom Cowboy, sponsored by The Watershed Foundation and the Student Action Center, University of Montana. $6,046. Making Peace a Reality, sponsored by the Student Action Center, University of Montana. (Final figure to be identified following discussion with project director re speakers' travel.) Jeannette Rankin: The Woman Who Voted No, sponsored by The Fine Tuning Company (Outreach phase). $4,978. Planning a Humanities Project As you may recall, our last Newsletter stressed that MCH, in spite of cuts in federal spending, still has funds for worthy humanities projects. We want you to apply for these funds. And because we hope you'll apply and we want your project to succeed, we've devoted some space here to suggestions to help you begin planning. Know the Ground Rules If you've reached the planning stage of a humanities project, you already have a topic in mind, presumably. But it may be a somewhat nebulous one that could possibly take several directions. To make our job at MCH easier and to better your chances for shaping a fundable grant proposal, you'll want to keep in mind a few basic questions. First, because the definition of "humanities" seems to vary a good deal, we think it wise to state here what we at MCH take the humanities to be: those branches of knowledge that deal with men and women as social and moral beings: with what it has been and is to be human, to make choices and value judgments. Does your project have a humanities focus^ Next, does your project include at least one iprofessional humanities scholar^. To get a grant from MCH, your proposal must include someone who devotes his or her professional life to the study of history, literature, philosophy, ethics, comparative religion, languages, linguistics, jurisprudence, archaeology, history and criticism of the arts, or certain aspects of the social sciences.


This person produces (Continued on Page 4) 4 Humanities Project . . . (Continued From Page 3) and coordinates publicity— public service an- nouncements for radio and TV, posters, flyers, invitations and the like. This job is critical: community interest in your project increases in direct proportion to your promotional efforts. MCH doesn't insist on enormous audiences, but the Committee does expect that everyone interested in the program is not only informed about it, but invited. Representatives from the Sponsoring and Cospon- soring Organizations promote the project within their respective groups and advise the steering committee on topics or themes, formats, scheduling and local resources. One of them may be put in charge of fund- raising; another, room arrangements for the program, or transportation and accommodations for any out-of- town guests, receptions, audio-visual equipment if needed, and so on. The Representative of your Target Audience, as the voice of the community, ensures that your program speaks to community interests, experience and capabilities. S/he can also be expected to know the best times for your program— times that don't conflict with other community activities. Involve Your Committee in the Proposal Writing The entire steering committee should read through the application materials and take part in writing the proposal. In other words, each member should write up for the committee those aspects of the project for which s/he is primarily responsible. For instance, the fiscal agent should lay out the budget, the promotion chairman should explain the promotion strategy and schedule, the humanities scholar, how the humanities will be used in the project, and so on. This will make the project a collaborative effort that people will support because it is theirs. Also as you write your proposal, seek input from people whose views may be important, but who may not have the time or commitment to be a part of the steering committee.


Proceed on an "As-lf" Basis Tackle your project as if it were funded — but with the clear understanding that it might not be. This will require you and your committee to pin down clear statements about the substance, form and timing of events, and the participation of presenters, panelists, etc. Allow Yourself Plenty of Lead Time We recommend that you submit a draft of your proposal at lest two weeks before the application deadline. The MCH staff will review it and make comments and suggestions based upon its experience with humanities projects. Then you can write your final draft and submit the required number of copies. Be sure to send each major presenter a copy of your proposal narrative and budget. It takes several weeks to process, review, and act on regular grant requests (less than $10,000). Once MCH approves a proposal for funding, it needs still more timei to notify applicants and to complete the preliminary paperwork before funds can be released. If and when you as grantee receive MCH funds, your steering committee should spend at least four weeks promoting the program to ensure a good audience. Plan, then, on about 90 days between your application deadline and the date of your first public program. Keep in Touch Please call the MCH office if you have any suggestions. The staff will be glad to help you. Also, all 19 MCH members are eager to help you in any way they can, so feel welcome to contact any of them. The MCH application form lists their names. Help is Available MCH field humanists are available to assist you in planning a project. Just write the MCH office requesting such assistance. NEH Makes Media Catalog Available If you're a teacher, librarian, museum coordinator or community group leader looking for exciting humanities programs, you can send for a free copy of NEH's new MediaLog.


Cyberthon Documentation Proposal

Beckman) To: Point Foundation The interest in virtual reality is now high, and the timing seems right for a show like the one that could be produced from the footage taken at Cyberthon. In fact, time is of the essence in producing this show, since there are other groups also producing virtual reality documentaries. We also want to have some kind of plan in time for announcement in the next Whole Earth Review, since it will have other Cyberthe ated content. This plan could include not only <Videotape documentary, put ancneracive > deod aS well -- the content is perfectly suited for such a treatment. We feel that there is a potential here for a very exciting product that we could produce in partnership with you. The first thing to clarify is exactly what goals we each have for the project. 1.Who Wants What from a Cyberthon Documentary? The Point Foundation would benefit in a number of ways fram a well-produced Cyberthon documentary. Perhaps mo importantly, it would get a videotape that (it could sell) directly to Whole Earth readers or others interested in what went on at Cyberthon. It could also benefit from an interactive videodisc and the attendant publicity from releasing it, which would further the reputation for innovation to which the Whole Earth Catalog CD-ROM contributed. Finally, the interest level is high enough in such a documentary that some return over and above operating expenses is possible, in which case Point could benefit financially from the project. We aré eager to work on this project not only because of our professional interest in the subject material, but because of an interest in the interactive opportunities that such material provides, There is also an opportunity to do a radio piece on - e DEC a3 798 @3: 38 Cyberthon. Naturally, we are also interested in the possibility this offers for getting paid. 2.


Cyberthon Documentation Proposal

How will the documentary be produced? We've split the production of the documentary into phases in order to proceed in the most economical way possible. a. Stage 1 : Initial Organization and Volunteer Logging The goal of the first stage of production has been to catalog the raw 66 hours of tape which were shot at Cyberthon. This will give us an idea of what kind of documentary we can produce, and will provide a list of available material for other producers that might be interested in the footage. Our first step was to copy all of the footage to VHS tape, and spread these tapes around to volunteer loggers (including ourselves). We will collect the logging sheets from these volunteers and compile them into a master log. Also, there is some off-format copying to be done on donated Art Institute equipment, and initial contacts to be made to possible producers for the show. All told, the costs for this phase of the project will be approximately $700 for equipment rentals and tapes (already paid by Whole Earth); and $3000 for our labor (which has been done on spec -- to be paid by whatever producer we find). Deliv ablo— We should point out that we started calculating our “on spec” was tA prope? *|time only after the completion of Cyberthon -- that is, at the beginning of this initial phase -- and that we are not including our own volunteer time spent logging tapes. Also, it’s important to remember that the logs we’re currently getting from volunteers will be very useful for constructing a general list of what footage is available to show to potential funders. They may be less useful for the actual editing process, where more precise locations are required. b. Stage 2: Preparing a Rough Copy of the Tape for Sales Purposes This stage involves taking the logged tapes down to a “selects” reel of no more thafi four hours in length.


Cyberthon Documentation Proposal

An added advantage to Point in committing to minimal funding for this stage is that the end product -- a very-rough-cut version of the show -- is a step closer to what is needed to market a tape directly through the magazine. . Stage 3: Actual Production of the Documentary (and interactive) Our rough estimate is that the production of a quality 1-hour show will cost somewhere around $40,000. Our final budget will be determined after talking to potential producers and assessing their desires. This price could change depending on tox the production level desired, content of the program (for AS vs 20 \4net 40,009 30Ce \4 | instance, is it about VR in general or just Cyberthon?) and whether the show is 30 minutes or an hour. " Additionally, we estimate that the extra cost for producing an interactive project will be approximately $20,000 above the cost of producing the video alone. This cost covers extra post-production for the videodisc and software costs. This figure will vary even more han the previous one, since the interactive software can be extremely complex or very simple. 4. What is the Agreement between Point and the Doc Squad? As we envision this project, the Doc Squad will be the primary agent for producing both a videotape documentary and an interactive program about Cyberthon. This includes coordinating logging, editing, providing post-production, obtaining or shooting additional footage where necessary, selling footage to interested parties, and arranging distribution (except for direct tape sales by Point, and wherever distribution is handed off to a third producer -- &.g., Pioneer for the disc). Point Foundation will provide the original Cyberthon footage and perhaps some small amount of bee Wo “SU Wyi4l rate startup funding. We propose that all funding for the project be channelled through Point Foundation, in order to take advantage of non-profit status.


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Theilen, at the request of Commissioner Paterson, reported that the Mission Cultural Center's Memorandum of Understanding compliance meeting will be held at the Arts Commission Offices - 3rd-floor conference room at 9:00 a.m. on January 8th. She stated also that work is in motion to have a prepared contract, rather than a MOU, ready by July 1987, for all Cultural Centers. Music Committee Report - Vernon Alley, Chair Commissioner Alley reported that the Committee is ahead of schedule on programming for the 1987 POPS concerts. Director Isaacs reported that discussion and consideration is being given for the possibility of inviting a community music organization as a prelude to opening night concert or as an intermission program. Commissioner Alley reported that ideas are being considered to replace the annual champagne cork-popping contest, for another type activity to precede the opening night concert. Arts Festival Committee Report - Jo Hanson, Chair Assistant Director Michael Bell reported that the final figures for the 1986 Arts Festival reflect that the deficit is $2,100; this is the lowest deficit so far. The Commission applauded the news. Director Isaacs reported that plans are proceeding on the young people's component of the 1987 Arts Festival and that candidates are being considered for coordination of this component of the Festival; she requested the Commission's authorization to i=et aside $9,000 of the Hotel Tax Fund's allocation for this position. She reported 'also that she is having considerations relative to the Festival being held the same weekend as the Golden Gate Bridge Celebration and she invited comments and suggestions from the Commission. Other considerations are being given to the location of the chldren's art festival being held indoors in Brooks Hall/Civic Auditorium versus Civic Center Plaza. Anne Marie Theilen stated that the School Superintendent would like the exhibit and festival to be indoors. Commissioner Warburg stated that Moscone Center and the Palace of Fine Arts should be investigated as alternate spaces for the Festival.


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PRESIDENT'S REPORT Excused: William Paterson 18) George Rockrise Peter Rodriguez Roselyne Swig Ex-Of f icio Mayor Feinstein Edward Bransten Eugene Friend Alexandra Phillips Toby Rosenblatt President Nemerovski reported to the Commission that El Paso Natural Gas Company will, again, underwrite the POPS Concerts with a gift of $50,000 and funds for the opening night party. She added that she will write a grant application to Burlington Northern Foundation, as she did last year. Burlington Northern is the funding agent for El Paso Natural Gas Company. Additionally, she reported that she has met with Mark Gallon for arrangements and that Ida Brown would administer arrangements for the pre-concert party and that there will also be a meeting with Dennis Rumsey, POPS Consultant, to streamline the ticket distribution for the party. The Commission applauded the announcement. The President announced also that Mr. Don Portman of the Portman Hotel , planned for San Francisco, is greatly interested in the arts and has agreed to hold the hotel's only opening benefit for the Arts Commission in support of publication of A Guide to the Public Art in San Francisco. The costs and staff support of publicizing this booklet for the Arts Commission will be provided by Amidei and Company of San Francisco. Commissioner Alley moved approval of the Resolution and it was seconded by Commissioner Warburg. RESOLUTION NO. 22-87-131: In Appreciation of Portman Hotel Company "RESOLVED, That this Commission does hereby thank the Portman Hotel Company for making the arts in San Francisco a priority of their operation here." The motion was carried Unanimously. Minutes -2- ARTS COMMISSION 2 February 1987 PRESIDENT'S REPORT (cont'd.) In conclusion of her report, President Nemerovski requested that each Committee Chair have prepared for the March Commission Meeting, one objective to achieve the Committee's goal that was presented at the December, 1986 Arts Commission Meeting.


Minutes

F22-87-160: Authorization to Transfer $3,200 from the Public Art Fund to the Friends of the Arts RESOLVED, That this Commission does hereby authorize transfer of $3,200 from the Public Art Fund to the Friends of the San Francisco Arts Commission for payment of refinishing of the floors and the drapery cleaning at the Bayview Opera House. Relative to the State/Local Partnership Program's request to the Committee for authorization for the F 0 A to fundraise for that program, Commissioner Duncan stated that it was apparent that the Commission needed to have a roundtable meeting to discuss development policy for the Commission, very soon. He reported that the Committee had put over their approval for the State/Local's request, not to be punitive , but to have put before the whole Commission the subject for discussion andih fairness to the other programs of the Commission. A breakdown of expenses of the State/Local Program's request for $5,000 and the $11,700 shortfall that is expected, was distributed to the Commission. President Nemerovski reported that the Commissionknew, last year, when it applied for the Level I funding that the amount would decrease and that the match would be required and the Commission approved and supported the grant application. She stated also that a long-term commitment plan had not been made and that decisions were made from year to year and she stated that consideration had to be made for the $5,000 request from the State/Local Program. Director Isaacs reported that the $5,000 request was independent of the funds required for the CAC match of funds and that she felt that this request was essential, and that she supported it. President Nemerovski called for a motion to approve the request of funds from the Public Art Fund. Commissioner Duncan Moved the approval of the request; it was seconded by Commissioner Metwally and unanimously adopted: RESOLUTION NO.


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Forbes distributed pre-released copies of the Economic Impact Report for the Commissioners' perusal. She requested that these reports be returned for further correction and inclusion of the final chapter. Relative to the decision at last month's meeting to give a draft to the Mayor's Offfice and President of the Board of Supervisor's, President Nemerovski reported that she had received a request from Chamber of Commerce not to distribute the report prior to their press release for the report. She stated that the Chamber has developed a public relations strategy and had been planning for months on the release of the report and they feared if the information contained in the report were made public prior to their release it would dilute the effectiveness of the report. Discussion ensued and Commissioners Hanson and Swig stated their considerations about with- holding the report from the Mayor's office and the President of the Board. President Nemerovski stated thac she would call the President of the Board and the Mayor's office and explain the need for confident- iality and tell them the date of the Chamber of Commerce press conference for the report. Statewide Local Arts Agencies Relative to the local arts agencies, Ms. Forbes reported that there is movement afoot to form a statewide local arts agency and that she and Director Isaacs had attended a meeting in January regarding these plans and that another is planned in Contra Costa County on March 6th. She invited Commissioners to attend, also. California State Summer School for the Arts Commissioner Swig reported that she had recently been appointed a trustee of a newly-formed summer school for the arts that will be funded by the state and private sector, 50% each. She stated that the student body of this summer school will comprise of 600 highschool students with out- standing talentand that the campus would float from year to year - this year in Valencia, California.


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Director Isaacs stated she would be going and invited Commissioners to attend also. The workshop costs $20, payable at the door. AAM Conference Director Isaacs reported that the conference ended quite splendidly and the Arts Commission had a high profile there; members of the staff volunteered time to work, in return for the opportunity to attend lectures. There had been, she continued reporting, fine sessions on retreats, trustees, and staff personnel that was presented by the Fine Arts Museums and the Asian Art Museum. The Director passed around a copy of "The Guide to Bay Area Museums" that the Arts Commission had provided funds for, from the Public Art Fund. She stated that as soon as another funder is located, reprints will be published. Commissioner Rodriguez requested that if a reprinting of the Guide is done, a map indicating where the museums ' locations are, would be helpful to tourists. NALAA Conference - Portland Oregon Director Isaacs reported to the Commission about her recent trip to Portland Oregon to attend the National Association of Local Arts Agencies Conference. She reported that Portland has an excellent public art program and sculpture. She reported also that she had opportunity, while there, to visit the open studio of artist, Larry Kirkland who has been commissioned by the Arts Commission for a sculpture for the Airport. She stated she witnessed the sculpture in progress. Director Isaacs reported on the conference and stated that within the NALAA organi- zation, sub groups had been formed such as the California Assembly of Local Arts Agencies, and a group of government art agency representives and the U.S. Urban Arts Federation had their genesis in the NALAA. The Director reported that the Urban Arts representatives had met with NEA's Frank Hodsel. Questions addressed to Mr. Hodsel, stated the Director, relative to affirmative action and civil rights were not satisfactorily answered and questions had been put in writing for presentation at the open meeting and a resolution in support of civil rights was presented to the NALAA members.


Minutes

Forbes reported that national and state issues were reported on in the local Arts Issues paper because the paper developed when there were congressional candidates. The idea now, she stated, is to reverse the order and have local issues first. Street-Artists Program Committee Report - Jo Hanson, Chair Commissioner Hanson stated that there was no report. Director Isaacs interjected that she had attended the Board of Permit Appeals hearing and that Board had upheld the Commission's finding to revoke Mr. Quiarte's street license certificate for violations of the street artists rules and regulations. Visual Arts Committee Report - Robert LaRocca, Chair Commissioner Hanson reported that an advisory board meeting had been convened to review the proposal of various art conservators and recommended selection of Anne Rosenthal to do the restoration work. A complaint had been made to the Human Rights Commission that the Arts Commission had not followed procedures. The Visual Arts Commission voted to rescind the previouswork, convening another group of advisors and begin the process again. Another advisory committee was formed of qualified art conservators and they, again, read all the proposals from the conservators who wanted to do this project and again selected the same people. Commissioner Hanson then moved that the authorization to enter into contract be approved; the resolutions were seconded by Commissioner Alley and unanimously approved. M i n u t -8- 3 August 1987 ARTS COMMISSION Visual Arts Committee Report (cont'd.) Resolution No. 83-87-352; Authorization to Enter Into Contarct - Anne Rosenthal Resolved, That this Commission does hereby authorize the Director of Cultural Affairs to enter into contract with Anne Rosenthal for conservation of the Lucien Labaudt murals at the Beach Chalet for the amount of $62,000. Resolution No. 83-87-353: Authorization t Enter Into Contract - Genevieve Baird Resolved, That this Commission does hereby jauthorize the Director of of Cultural Affairs to enter into contract with Genevieve Baird for conservation of the mosaic and woodwork at the Beach Chalet in the amount of $25,500.


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A Study in Urban Form." He stated the document was a companion piece to the needs study which was referred to in a recent news article about the Mayor's State of the City statement, relative to space needed for the Civic Center. He reported that the AIA and the Planning Deprtment had compiled this study in urban form and that he would like to present it to the Civic Design Committee for review, and ultimate adoption by the Commission. President Nemerovski affirmed the request and thanked Commissioner Rockrise. MINUTES -5- ARTS COMMISSION 5 October 1987 COMMITTEE REPORTS Neighborhood Arts Program Committee Report - William Paterson, Chair Commissioner Rockrise reported that he had been invited to a meeting between the DPW Bureau of Architecture and representatives of Rosekranz & Broder Architects, to define responsibilities for renovation of the cultural centers between the supervising architects (City architects) and the executive architects (private architects contracted) . Commissioner Rockrise reported that he had recommended both entities write a joint scope of responsi- bilities for each standard and/or specific project that would be presented to the Civic Design Committee for approval. He stated that the Bureau of Architecture would like to have some written authority to work with the Arts Commission on these renovations. The Bureau of Architecture would then report to the Committee and standards would be set for how the renovation projects would be managed. He stated that Mr. Russ Abel (DPW/Bureau of Architecture) would be the project architect, and would report to the Civic Design Committee on the status of each construction and/or renovtion project of the cultural centers. Director Isaacs stated her appreciation, to Commissioner Rockrise on behalf of the staff, for his taking active and detailed interest and bringing about clarification of this situation that had existed for many years. In conclusion of his report, Commissioner Rockrise requested that NAP Director, Anne-Marie Theilen, attend the Civic Design Committee Meetings when Mr.


Minutes

Continuing, the Director also reported that her concerns about the rejection were because the CAO had not only denied the proposal because the sounds might have been intrusive to the City Hall workplace, but that he had judged the artistic aesthetics and had stated in a telephone conversation that further pursuit of the proposal might jepro- dize future proposals. The Director requested input/direction from the Commission. Lengthy discussion ensued and in conclusion Commissioner LaRocca enjoined the Director to obtain, from the CAO, clarification of procedures and guidelines for future proposals; it was the concensus of the Commission in that the CAO had stated one reason was the possibility of intrusive sounds on the workplace, that the Director should not further pursue the issue. In conclusion, and in reply to Commissioner Eichelbaum's query, the Gallery Director, Ms. Meissner reported that the artist, Bill Fontana had proposed an alternative project for the outdoor Gallery space. Civic Design Review Committee Report - George Rockrise, Chair Market Street Improvement Program Commissioner Rockrise reported that it is within the perogrative of the Arts Commission to approve or disapprove proposals for the Market Street Improvement Program relative to detail and quality of the workmanship. He reported on the Committee's activities and the subsequent events that had taken place. Commissioner LaRocca stated that he had been interviewed by Channel 4 television and that he had stated that the Market Street cross walk had been torn up because the work and materials used had been inferior and that, had the Commission approved the work, it would have been a remission of duty and a further waste. The City would be saving approximately $300,000 per year that is currently expended for replacement and maintenance of the brick sidewalks by laying the proposed sandblasted concrete with small, agregate chips and granite set in the concrete.


Mineral exploration adit, Johns-Manville Sales Corporation, West Fork Stillwater River, Sweet Grass County, Montana : preliminary environmental review

Elk previously moved between Horseman Flats and the Picket Pin area during most of the winter. In late spring (April and May), a portion of the herd moved to the steep east-facing slopes of Horseman Flats above the Stillwater River. After the 1974 hunting season, most of the herd was on the Picket Pin portion of the winter range, where it stayed until late January 1975, then moved to Horseman Flats. It remained on the flats for only three or four days and then appeared on the slopes above the Stillwater River and used this area for the remainder of the winter. Elk definitely avoided the Horseman Flats area in 1974-75 -- the first year Johns-Manville kept the road open all winter." "Some observers suggested that heavier snow packs in 1974-75 caused this shift in the elk winter range patterns. However, the snow was not excessive and domestic horses wintered on the flats without supplemental feed. In fact, the shift in elk use was probably due to a combination of traffic on the road and deeper than normal snow. Elk used the timbered slopes above the road for bedding and, particularly during periods of heavy snow, crossed the road and ventured out onto the open flats for feeding. Road traffic disrupted -6- this pattern and probably caused elk to move elsewhere. This is supported by the fact that in June -- when snow was no longer a factor -- few elk used the flats. They remained above the road for both feeding and bedding." "Horseman Flats is also an important elk calving ground and researchers found that fewer elk calved here in 1975 than in 1974." "The adit also affected elk migration to the summer range. The 1974 information indicated the West Fork of the Stillwater River was a major migration route, with about 57% of the winter herd using this route.


The presence of naturally "toxic" groundwater is not unique, but is rare. General geochemistry and climatic conditions associated with the Stillwter Complex are basically not conducive to formation of toxic waters. Water encountered in the adit will be monitored using bioassays before release to the groundwater system. The technique of drilling test holes in advance of the adit face will allow testing of waters before they are encountered by the adit. Water zones containing toxic waters can be grouted and sealed off from the adit before the adit is advanced into the water-bearing zone. The probability of encountering toxic waters is very low, but the contingency of a water-tight seal for the mine would prevent damage to the river if no other water control or treatment is possible. Compliance with discharge permit conditions and available water control and testing technology will avoid adverse impacts of toxic waters. AQUATIC LIFE AND HABITATS The West Fork of the Stillwater River is a high quality mountain stream characterized by steep gradients and a bottom composed of rubble and boulders. As the West Fork approaches the Stillwater River, the character of the stream is changed to some extent by a decreased gradient and the entry of Castle Creek which is a large, warm tributary that enters the West Fork approximately three miles upstream from the mouth. Hydrologic characteristics of the West Fork of the Stillwater (described in a previous section) is that of a high mountain stream with a short period of high flow during the spring runoff period and a relatively stable base flow during the remainder of the year. Only three fish species are present in the West Fork. These are rainbow trout, brown trout, and mountain whitefish. Whitefish are found in small numbers only in the lower five or six miles of the West Fork, and they apparently do not reproduce to any extent in the West Fork.


Brown trout occur in the West Fork from the mouth to a point approximately one-half mile below the adit. The Brown trout standing crop is moderately high downstream of Castle Creek, and decreases upstream. -13- Brown trout spawn in shallow areas in November with eggs hatching the following spring. The fry leave the gravel environment and move into shallow, slow pools at the stream margins. The older fish utilize faster waters and are especially dependent on undercut banks, deep pools, and pockets behind boulders. Growth rates are moderate downstream of Castle Creek and slow at upstream locations. Rainbow trout are present in the West Fork from the mouth to at least several miles upstream from the adit. Near the adit and upstream for at least five miles, it is the only fish species present. The standing crop is moderately high in the lower few miles of the West Fork and decreases upstream. Growth rates are moderate below Castle Creek and quite slow at upstream locations, where fish reach total lengths of only two inches after the first summer's growth. At least four to five years are required to produce a fish of 10 inches total length. Rainbow spawn in spring, hatch in July, and swim actively later in the summer. Both brown and rainbow trout species are sedentary in the West Fork and they do not appear to move any great distances. Stream bottom communities are dominated by aquatic insect nymphs and larvae. The orders Plecoptera (stoneflies) , Tricoptera (caddis flies) and Ephemeroptera (mayflies) are the most abundant organisms. Small aquatic annelid worms also are present in significant numbers. These worms are increasingly abundant in a downstream direction. Aquatic insects present are largely fast water organisms living on undersides and margins of gravel, rubble, and boulders. The orders Plecoptera, Tricoptera and Ephemeroptera are considered clean water forms and they are sensitive to most pollutants.


Acute toxicity of ammonia to fish and aquatic insects can occur at levels as low as 0.2 to 0.3 mg/1. Concentrations of some metals can be dangerous to fish at levels as low as a few micrograms per liter (ug/1) . Even small additions of these substances to the West Fork could cause acute or chronic toxicity problems. Addition of nutrients to the West Fork of the Stillwater probably would not result in a problem of toxicity; however, additional nutrients may alter the abundance and composition of aquatic organisms in the stream. No measurable impact is expected on stream organisms, including fish, if the J-M discharge meets Water Quality Bureau permit conditions. -14- GEOLOGY AND SOILS The Stillwater Complex contains one of the world's richest collec- tions of minerals - chrome, copper, nickel, platinum, palladium, silver, gold and iron. Geologically, the area is a Precambrian layered basic and ultrabasic complex (2.7 to 3.2 billion years old), according to information from the Johns -Manville Corporation. The complex is exposed along the northeast front of the Beartooth Mountains, and dips steeply to the north and strikes east-southeast for a length of 28 miles and a width of 4.5 miles. It is bordered on the south by a large highland area of ancient Precambrian metasediments (3.2 billion years old) and a young intrusion of granite (1.55 billion years old) . The northern contact of the complex is covered unconf ormably by Cambrian sediments which completely mask the upper sequences of the complex. The effects of repeated tectonic movements are shown by multiple cross faulting toward basal section, while later Laramide mountain building has given rise to considerable uplift, with associated strike and thrust faulting. In terms of soils, the Forest Service has classified soil near the adit as being in the Rock Outcrop Ecosystem. The adit is at the base of a massive rock outcrop.